"Medical cybernetics": specialty. What is medical cybernetics?

Medical cybernetics is a new direction in science, compiling the solution of diagnostic problems and the latest computer developments. Such an approach allows combining the use of necessary medical devices and devices with the concern for human health.

History of Medical Cybernetics

Unfortunately, for a number of reasons, domestic medical cybernetics began its development with a significant lag. Only in 1959 this discipline was restored in its rights and began to develop actively along with other sciences.

In the Soviet Union, the first system of medical diagnosis was established in 1964. It was then in the laboratory of the Institute of Surgery. Vishnevsky developed the first automatic system designed to diagnose congenital heart disease. Later, in 1969, the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery developed an algorithm that automatically diagnoses damage to the heart valves. The first serial devices for laboratory diagnostics were produced at the plant. Semashko in the 70s of last century. By this time, automatic control systems (ACS) were not considered a curiosity, but an absolutely necessary tool in the work of a doctor. For example, for the surgeons, the monitoring complex "Symphony" was developed, which allowed to monitor the patient's condition during surgical operations, the first system of providing medications "Apteka" and others was adopted. So began to develop medical cybernetics in our country.

The development of cybernetics by the end of the twentieth century

The new principles of laboratory diagnosis of various diseases assumed the presence of a staff of trained specialists. So in medvuzah there was a new discipline - "Medical cybernetics". The specialty at once attracted the entrants with their novelty and prospects. The first issue of cybernetics doctors was held in 1979 at the Medical and Biological Faculty of the Second Moscow Medical Institute.

By the mid-1980s, the cybernetic principles of solving many medical problems became an everyday reality. In large cities, there are diagnostic centers equipped with modern automated control systems, which allow diagnosing severe diseases according to the results of analyzes. In centralized health facilities - hospitals, hospitals, sanatoriums - logs of automated processing of incoming medical data are created, through the new automated complexes, beds are kept in each institution, a record is made for a doctor's appointment.

What cybernetics is studying

Detailed information on all directions of this section of science can be provided by the Department of Medical Cybernetics of any medical college of our country. In general, science studies the interaction of control processes occurring in living nature, the coordinated work of various systems, the ability to respond to external stimuli, return to the initial state after external influences, and so on.

Since the laws of changing systems are universal, they can be used very widely. For example, medical cybernetics uses the principles of interaction of systems in the development of management technologies in healthcare and practical medicine. Within the framework of this scientific field, mechanisms for correcting vital processes are being developed, methods for recognizing serious diseases at the earliest stages of the pathological process are improving.

System Components

In practice, it looks like this. Any modern diagnostic system consists of three components:

• Memory, which stores all medical information relating to this group of diseases (symptoms, test scores, etc.);
• A logical device that allows you to process the current information, comparing the symptoms of the patient, the results of his medical examination with the available data;
• The output device of the received analysis - a display, a printer and so on.

How Diagnostic Devices Work

When creating a diagnostic apparatus, the first thing to do is develop a method of formal description of the health status of the examined person, analyze all clinical signs of the disease. From the received array of information, only those data that are suitable for quantitative analysis are selected. In addition to the numerical parameters, information about the frequency of clinical signs, their classification and evaluation is important for establishing the correct diagnosis.

All the information received is stored in the memory of the computing device. At the time of receipt of current data on the patient's condition, the machine compares the existing symptoms with those that are stored in the computer's memory. Thus, a preliminary map of the patient's examination is drawn up, a possible diagnosis is made.

What can hardware diagnostics do?

The logic of the process is comparable with the conclusions of the diagnostic physician - the available signs lead to a diagnosis that is based on all previous medical experience.

Such diagnostic systems can give a conclusion only for those diseases, information about which are loaded into the memory of the machine. The device, intended for the diagnosis of heart diseases, is unlikely to recognize laryngitis or osteochondrosis, even if there are all visible signs. The new ACS disease can not be detected. For this purpose, the data of the machine is simply not stored. But the automated system will help the doctor to make diagnostic maps, when comparing statistical data, when setting complex diagnoses and other things.

The diagnosis is not all. Observation of the treatment process, the use of various physiotherapy procedures also requires sophisticated modern equipment with unique software, which is also developed by medical cybernetics.

Specialty

Universities that produce specialists of this profile are usually medical. Good training programs offer:

• Siberian State University of the Ministry of Health (Tomsk).
• Voronezh State University.
• Pskov State University.
• Krasnoyarsk state honey. University of. Voino-Yatsenetsky.

To all those who wish to study such discipline as "Medical Cybernetics", universities offer to listen to a short course of pre-university training (zero faculty). Here, students update their own knowledge of school subjects - mostly mathematics, physics and biology. In each listed educational institution there is a corresponding faculty. "Medical cybernetics" is not the only specialty there. On the websites of such faculties you can get acquainted with the preliminary training plan, which lists the studied theoretical disciplines and practical classes.

How to get a specialty "Medical cybernetics"?

For the admission, the results of the Unified State Exam on the Russian language, mathematics and biology are important. Passing score - from 77 and above. The term of training for a specialist is six years. It is possible to obtain bachelor's, specialist or master's degrees in the field of "Medical Cybernetics".

Moscow universities, leading the training of specialists in this area, are represented by only one educational institution - the Russian National Research University. Pirogov. In 2016, he received a state order for the preparation of students, and now 16 people will receive higher education in this specialty at the expense of the state.

The need for specialists of this profile is growing year by year, and the list of educational institutions leading the training of medical cybernetics will increase.

Applied Medical Cybernetics

Universities in Russia have developed their training programs in such a way that theoretical disciplines supplement and expand the practical knowledge of the future medical worker. Students of medical institutions are trained in the following areas:

• Hardware diagnostics and treatment;
• Development of automated systems;
• Methods of setting and managing medical equipment;
• Solution of organizational problems in the health care system.

The widespread introduction of computerization and automatic control systems led to a sharp reduction in paperwork. From their workplaces, medical personnel enter information into the computers, receiving the results of the analysis of the input data. In addition, the form of obtaining information from the general database has changed significantly, the processing time for requests has decreased, reporting forms have become simpler. All this led to a significant increase in the effectiveness of the staff of medical institutions. In this improvement, a significant role was played by medical cybernetics. This profession is, therefore, quite interesting. And where can you work as a specialist?

Areas of activity

The graduate of the university, whose diploma specifies the specialty "Medical Cybernetics", can work in the field of instrumental or laboratory diagnostics. Simply put, create medical equipment and serve it.

Complex automation systems simplify the control over the work of health facilities, help automate various medical processes - up to the most complicated surgical operations. Therefore, medical cybernetics is in demand in administrative departments of health care institutions, and specialists of this profile can order, install, repair and improve such equipment.

Alternative employment

Additional areas of work can serve as a scientific activity or teaching. In higher educational institutions, they are willing to recruit specialists with experience in practical work on medical equipment.

No less interested in specialists-cybernetics medical direction are various companies specializing in the repair and modernization of existing automatic control systems. Cybernetics are waiting for companies that create software for devices, customize existing software, taking into account current requirements and other things.