"Master and Margarita": analysis. "Master and Margarita": the theme of love in the novel Bulgakov

His main book - the novel "The Master and Margarita", which was first called "The Hoof of an Engineer", and the "Black Magician", Bulgakov began to write in 1928-29. He dictated the last insertions to the work of his wife in 1940, in February, three weeks before his death. In this article, we will look at Bulgakov's latest novel, and analyze it.

"Master and Margarita" - the outcome of Bulgakov's work

A kind of synthesis, the result of all the previous experience of the writer and playwright was this novel. It reflected the Moscow way of life, which arose in essays from the work "The Day Before"; Satirical mysticism and fantasy, tested Bulgakov in the stories of the 1920s; Motives of uneasy conscience and chivalrous honor - in the novel "The White Guard"; As well as the dramatic theme of the evil fate of one persecuted artist who was deployed in Theatrical Novel and Moliere. Description Ershalaim prepared a picture of the life of the eastern city, which is mentioned in the "Run". And the transfer of the narration in time during the early Christianity was reminiscent of the plays "Ivan Vasilievich" and "Bliss", in which the journey through the epochs was also made.

Multilayered work

First of all, it should be noted that this work is multilayer, as shown by our analysis. "Master and Margarita" has several plans, including temporary ones. The author, on the one hand, describes the reality of the 1930s, modern to him, but on the other, Mikhail Afanasyevich goes to a different era: the ancient Judea, the first two centuries of Christianity, the reign of Pontius Pilate. On the comparison of these two times, the establishment of indirect and direct analogies between them, the space of the novel is built up, its ideological content is enriched by this. In the work, in addition, the adventurous-fantastic layer is vividly written out. To him, in the first place, are the scenes in which Koroviev, Behemoth and other representatives of the "gang" of the black magician participate.

Reflection of the epoch

Persecution, repression, fear, which literally imbued the atmosphere of 30 years, were most vividly reflected in the fate of the Master. Let us prove this with the example of one episode, after analyzing it. "Master and Margarita" contains an interesting scene - a description of the return of the protagonist home after he became a victim of the denunciation carried out by Aloysius Mogarych. For three months he was absent from his dwelling, he comes to the windows of the cellar, in which he plays a gramophone. The master returned in the same coat, only with torn buttons (they were cut off at the time of arrest) with an unwillingness to live and write.

The atmosphere of the 1930s is also reminiscent of the circumstances of the murder by mercenaries of Afranius Judah, the death of Maigel, whom Azazello killed at a ball at Satan's. These deaths are shown once again by the law, which was repeatedly confirmed already in the times of Yezhov and Yagoda: the evil will destroy his servants.

The role of mysticism in Bulgakov's work

Bulgakov called himself a mystical writer, but in the novel mysticism is not at all an apology for everything that is mysterious, which can be proved by analyzing. "Master and Margarita" is a work in which Woland's suite performs miracles only for the sole purpose: romance through them includes satire. Sweeps Woland with his helpers over human vices, punishes the sweetheart, lies, greed of all these Likhodeyevs, Sempleyarovs, Varenukh. Bulgakov's evil representatives act according to the Goethe maxim that they are a force that does good, wishing evil.

The analysis of the work "The Master and Margarita" shows that one of the main targets of Woland and his retinue is the complacency of the mind, first of all, the atheistic, which, along with the faith, sweeps away the whole mysterious and mysterious field along with the path to God . Describing all the "mystifications", "jokes" and "adventures" of Behemoth, Koroviev and Azazello, the writer laughs at people's confidence that all forms of existing life can be planned and calculated, and people's happiness and prosperity is not difficult to arrange - just want to .

Criticism of rationalism Bulgakov

Bulgakov, while remaining a follower of the Great Evolution, shows the doubt that unidirectional and uniform progress can be ensured by a "cavalry assault". His mysticism is primarily directed against rationalism. From this side the analysis of the work "Master and Margarita" can be carried out the following. Bulgakov ridicules, developing the theme, planned in various narratives of the 1920s, the complacency of reason, which is convinced that he will create, by freeing himself of superstitions, an exact drawing of the future, the arrangement of relations between people and harmony in the soul of man. Here the Berlioz image can serve as a typical example. He, having ceased to believe in God, does not believe even that the case can prevent him, at the most unexpected moment, having substituted the bandwagon. But this is what happens in the end. Thus, the analysis of the novel "Master and Margarita" proves that the author opposes rationalism.

Mysticism of the historical process

But the mysticism of everyday life for a writer is only a reflection of what can be considered a mystic of the historical process (the unpredictability of the course of history and the results obtained, their surprise). In history, the most important events, according to Bulgakov, imperceptibly ripen. They are carried out outside the will of people, although many are convinced that they can arbitrarily dispose of everything. Unfortunate Berlioz as a result, who knew exactly what would happen in the evening at the meeting of MASSOLIT, perishes in a few minutes under the wheels of the tram.

Pontius Pilate - "the victim of history"

Pontius Pilate, like Berlioz, becomes another "victim of history." Analysis of the novel "Master and Margarita" reveals the following features of this personality. On people and on himself the hero makes the impression of a powerful man. However, Jeshua's insight is no less striking to the procurator than the unusual speeches of Ivan Bezdomny, Berlioz and Woland. The complacency of Pontius Pilate, his right to dispose of the lives of others at his own discretion, is thus cast into doubt. The procurator decides the fate of Yeshua. But, despite this, the latter is free, and Pilate is an unfortunate hostage to his own conscience. This two thousand-year-old captivity is a punishment for imaginary and temporary power.

Love of the Master and Margarita

The novel "The Master and Margarita" is dedicated to the fate of one master - a creative personality that confronts the entire surrounding world. Its history is closely connected with the history of Margarita. The author in the second part of his novel promises to show readers "eternal", "true", "true" love. Such were the feelings of the main characters in the work. We will analyze them. "Master and Margarita" ( you probably remember the summary of the work) - a novel in which love is one of the main themes.

"True Love" at Bulgakov

What does "true love" mean from the point of view of Mikhail Afanasievich? The analysis of the chapters ("The Master and Margarita") shows that the meeting of the heroes was random, but this can not be said of the feeling that bound them up to the end of days. Master and Margarita recognize each other in a way that reflects "deep loneliness". This means that, even without knowing each other, the heroes felt a great need for love, which marks in his novel Bulgakov. "Master and Margarita," the analysis of which we are conducting, is a work demonstrating that the accomplished miracle (the meeting of beloved ones) is also the will of the case, the mysterious fate, which is in every way rejected by the supporters of rationalism.

Master says that this feeling immediately struck them both. True love invades life powerfully and transforms it. The meeting of the Master and Margarita, the analysis of which we are conducting, has transformed everything ordinary and everyday into a significant and bright one. When the main heroine appeared in the basement of the Master, as if all details of his meager life began to glow from within. And this can easily be seen by analyzing. The love of Margarita and the Master was so vivid that when the heroine left, everything faded for a writer in love.

First of all, real feelings must be selfless. Before Margarita, she had everything she needed for a woman's happiness: kind, beautiful, adored her husband, money, a luxurious mansion. However, she was not happy with her life. Bulgakov writes that Margarita needed a Master, and not a separate garden, a gothic mansion and money. When the heroine had no love, she even wanted to commit suicide. To her husband, however, she could not inflict harm and acted honestly, having made a decision to leave a farewell note in which she explained everything.

Therefore, true love can not harm anyone. Its happiness, it will not build due to the misfortune of others. This feeling is also selfless. The heroine of Bulgakov is able to accept the aspirations and interests of his beloved as his own. She helps the Master in everything, lives with his cares. The hero writes the novel, which becomes the content of the girl's whole life. She typed up the finished chapters, tries to make the Master happy and calm. And in this he sees the meaning of his own life.

"True Love"

What does "true love" mean? The definition of it can be found in the second part of the work, when the heroine remains alone, while having no news of her lover. She waits, finding no place for herself. Margarita does not lose hope of meeting him again, she is true to her feelings. It is completely indifferent to her, in what light will this meeting take place.

"Eternal love"

Love becomes "eternal" when Margarita stands the test of meeting with mysterious otherworldly forces, as the analysis of the episode ("The Master and Margarita") shows. The girl in the scene, where she describes her meeting with otherworldly forces, is fighting for her lover. Visiting the ball full moon, the heroine returns to the Master with the help of Woland. She is not afraid of death next to her lover and stays with him for the death trait. Margarita says that he will save his sleep.

However, no matter how overwhelmed the girl with the anxiety for the Master and the love for him, when it's time to ask, she does it not for herself, but for Frida. She decides this way not only because of Woland, who advises the authorities to demand nothing. A love for the Master in a heroine is organically united with love for people. Their own suffering causes a desire to rid them of others.

Love and creativity

True love is also associated with creativity. With the fate of the novel Master intertwined fate of Margarita. As love grows stronger, a novel is created. The work is therefore the fruit of love. The novel is equally dear to the Master and Margarita. And if the creator refuses to fight, the heroine arranges in the apartment of the Latunsky defeat. However, she rejects the proposal to destroy him, coming from Woland. According to Bulgakov, the first stage of truth is justice, but the highest is charity.

Creativity and love exist among people who do not know either one or the other. Because of this they are simply doomed to tragedy. Master and Margarita at the end of the novel leave this society, where high spiritual motives are not in place. They are given death as rest and peace, as freedom from torment, grief and earthly ordeals. It can also be perceived as a reward. This reflects the pain of life, time, the writer himself.

Peace for Mikhail Afanasievich - no remorse. Pontius Pilate's destiny will never be known by the main characters who have lived a worthy, albeit difficult life.

Having survived decades of unjust oblivion, M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" is addressed to us today. The main essence that is defended in the work is "true, faithful and eternal love".