Managed rectifiers: operating principle, circuit, scope

To control the voltage in the network, electronic rectifiers are used. These devices operate by changing the frequency. Many modifications can be used in an alternating current network.

Conductivity refers to the main parameters of rectifiers. Also it is necessary to take into account the index of permissible overvoltage. In order to understand the issue in more detail, we need to consider the rectifier circuit.

Modification device

The rectifier circuit assumes the use of a contact thyristor. The stabilizer, as a rule, is of a transitional type. In some cases, it is installed with a protection system. Still there are many modifications on triodes. The device operates at a frequency of 30 Hz. For collectors they are not bad at all. Also, the rectifier circuit includes comparators of low conductivity. Sensitivity at them corresponds to an indicator not less than 10 mV. A certain class of devices is equipped with a varicap. Due to this modification, it is possible to connect to a single-phase circuit.

How it works?

As stated earlier, the rectifier operates by changing the frequency. Initially, the voltage is applied to the power thyristors. The process of current transformation is carried out with the aid of a triode. To avoid overheating the device, there is a stabilizer. When there is a wave interference, a comparator is turned on.

Scope of devices

The most common devices are installed in transformers. Also there are modifications for the drive modules. Do not forget about the automated devices that are used in production. In modulators, rectifiers play the role of a voltage regulator. However, in this case, much depends on the type of device.

Existing types of modifications

By design, there are semiconductor, thyristor and bridge modifications. A separate category includes power devices that can operate at increased frequency. Full-wave models for these purposes are not suitable. In addition, the rectifiers are distinguished in phase. To date, you can find one-, two- and three-phase devices.

Semiconductor Models

Semiconductor rectifiers are well suited for step-down transformers. Many modifications are produced on the basis of connector capacitors. The conductivity at the inlet does not exceed 10 microns. It is also worth noting that semiconductor rectifiers differ in sensitivity. Devices up to 5 mV can be used at a voltage of 12 V.

Protection systems for them are of class P30. Adapters are used to connect the modifications. At a voltage of 12 V, the reset parameter is an average of 10 A. The modifications with the plates are distinguished by a high operating temperature parameter. Many devices are able to work from transistors. To reduce distortion, filters are used.

Features of thyristor devices

The thyristor rectifier is designed to regulate the voltage in the DC network. If we talk about the modification of low conductivity, then they use only one triode. The limiting voltage at loading in 2 A is not less than 10 V. The protection system for the rectifiers represented, as a rule, is of class P44. Also worth noting that the models are well suited for power conductors. How does the transformer work on thyristor rectifiers? First of all, the voltage falls on the relay.

The conversion of a direct current is due to a transistor. Condenser units are used to monitor the output voltage. Many models have several filters. If we talk about the drawbacks of rectifiers, it is worth noting that they have high heat losses. With an output voltage exceeding 30 V, the overload indicator is significantly reduced. In addition, it is worth considering the high price for a thyristor rectifier.

Bridge Modifications

Bridge rectifiers operate at a frequency of no more than 30 Hz. The control angle depends on the transistors. Comparators are mainly attached via diode conductors. For power equipment, the models do not fit well. For modules, stabilizers with a low-impedance adapter are used. If to speak about minuses, it is necessary to consider low conductivity at a high voltage. Protection systems, as a rule, are used in class P33.

Many modifications are connected via a dipole transistor. How does the transformer work on these rectifiers? Initially, the voltage is applied to the primary winding. At a voltage above 10 V, a converter is turned on. The frequency is changed by means of a conventional comparator. In order to reduce heat losses, a varicap is installed on the bridge controlled rectifier.

Power devices

Power rectifiers have recently been considered very common. The overload indicator at low voltage does not exceed 15 A. The protection system is mainly used in the P37 series. Models are used for step-down transformers. If we talk about the design features, it is important to note that the devices are manufactured with pentodes. They are distinguished by good sensitivity, but they have a low operating temperature parameter.

Condenser blocks may be used at 4 microns. The output voltage is greater than 10 V using the converter. Filters, as a rule, are used on two insulators. Also worth noting that the market has a lot of rectifiers with controllers. The main difference lies in the possibility of working at a frequency above 33 Hz. In this case, the overload on the average corresponds to 10 A.

Full-wave modifications

A full-wave single-phase rectifier is capable of operating at different frequencies. The main advantage of the modifications lies in the high operating temperature parameter. If we talk about design features, it is important to note that power thyristors are used integral type, and their conductivity does not exceed 4 microns. At a voltage of 10 V, the system produces an average of 5 A.

Protection systems are often used series P48. Modifications are connected via adapters. Also worth noting the drawbacks rectifiers of this class. First of all, this is a low susceptibility to magnetic oscillations. The overload parameter can sometimes change rapidly. At a frequency below 40 Hz, current drops are felt. Still experts note that models are not capable of working on the same filter. Additionally, FETs are not suitable for devices .

Single-phase devices

A single-phase controlled rectifier is capable of performing many functions. Install models most often on power transformers. At a frequency of 20 Hz, the overload parameter does not exceed 50 A on average. The rectifier protection system is used in class P48. Many experts say that the models are not afraid of wave jamming and are coping well with impulse jumps. Are there any shortcomings in this type of model? First of all they concern low current at high congestion. To solve this problem, comparators are installed. However, it is worth considering that they can not work in an alternating current circuit.

In addition, periodically there are problems with the conductivity of the current. On the average this parameter is equal to 5 microns. Reducing the sensitivity greatly affects the efficiency of the triode. If we consider single-phase uncontrolled rectifiers, then the plates are used with an adapter. Many models have several isolators. It is also worth noting that rectifiers of this type are not suitable for step-down transformers. Stabilizers are most often applied to three outputs, and the limiting voltage of them should not exceed 50 V.

Parameters of two-phase devices

Two-phase rectifiers are produced for DC and AC circuits. Many modifications are operated on contact type triodes. If we talk about the parameters of modifications, it is worth noting the low voltage at large overloads. Thus, the devices are not suitable for power transformers. However, the advantage of the devices is good conductivity.

The sensitivity of the models starts from 55 mV. At the same time, the heat losses are insignificant. Comparators are applied on two plates. Quite often, modifications are connected through one adapter. In this case, the insulators are preliminarily checked for output impedance.

Three-phase modifications

Three-phase rectifiers are actively used on power transformers. They have a very high overload parameter, and they are able to operate under increased frequency conditions. If we talk about design features, it is important to note that the models are assembled with condenser units. Due to this modification it is allowed to connect to the DC circuit and not be afraid of the wave interference. Impulse jumps are blocked due to filters. Connection via the adapter is carried out using a converter. Many models have three isolators. The output voltage at 3 A should not exceed 5 V.

In addition, it should be noted that rectifiers of this type are used for large network overloads. Many modifications are equipped with blockers. Lowering of the frequency occurs with the help of comparators, which are installed over the capacitor box. If relay transformers are considered, an additional adapter will be needed to connect the modifications.

Models with contact comparator

Controlled rectifiers with a contact comparator have recently been in high demand. Among the features of the modifications, it is worth noting the high degree of overload. Protection systems are mainly used in class P55. The devices with one capacitor box operate. At a voltage of 12 V, the output current is at least 3 A. Many models boast of high conductivity at a frequency of 5 Hz.

Stabilizers are often used low-resistance type. They show themselves well in the AC circuit. In production rectifiers are used for the operation of power transformers. The permissible level of conductivity is not more than 50 microns. The operating temperature in this case depends on the type of dinistor. As a rule, they are installed with several plates.

Devices with two comparators

Electronic rectifiers with two comparators are valued for a high output voltage parameter. With an overload of 5 A, the modifications are capable of operating without thermal losses. The smoothing factor for rectifiers does not exceed 60%. Many modifications have a high-quality protection system series P58. First of all, it is designed to cope with wave interference. At a frequency of 40 Hz, the devices are given an average of 50 microns. Tetrodes for modifications are of variable type, and their sensitivity is no more than 10 mV.

Are there any shortcomings with rectifiers of this type? First of all, it should be noted that they are forbidden to be connected to the step-down transformers. In the DC network, the models have a small conductivity parameter. The operating frequency averages 55 Hz. Unipolar stabilizers are not suitable for modifications. To use devices on power transformers, two adapters are used.

The difference between the modifications and the electrode triode

Controlled rectifiers with electrode triodes are valued for a high output voltage parameter. At low frequencies they operate without thermal losses. However, it should be taken into account that the overload parameter is on average 4 A. All this indicates that the rectifiers are not capable of operating in a DC network. Filters may only be used on two plates. The output voltage, as a rule, corresponds to 50 V, and the protection system is used in class P58. In order to connect the device, an adapter is used. The smoothing factor for rectifiers of this type is not less than 60%.

Models with a capacitive triode

Controllable rectifiers with a capacitive triode are capable of operating in a DC network. If we consider the parameters of the modifications, then we can note a high input voltage. At the same time, the overload at work will not exceed 5 A. The protection system is used in class A45. Some modifications are suitable for power transformers.

In this case, much depends on the capacitor unit, which is installed in the rectifier. According to experts, the nominal voltage of many modifications is 55 V. The output current in the system is 4 A. The filters for the modifications are suitable for AC. The smoothing ratio of the rectifiers is 70%.

Devices based on the channel triode

Managed rectifiers with channel transistors have a high degree of conductivity. Models of this type are well suited for step-down transformers. If we talk about the design, it is worth noting that the models are always made with two connectors, and the filters they use on insulators. If you believe the experts, the conductivity at a frequency of 40 Hz does not change much.

Are there any drawbacks to these rectifiers? Thermal losses are the weak side of modifications. Many experts note the low conductivity of connectors, which are installed on the rectifiers. To solve the problem, the kenotrons are applied. However, they are not allowed to be used in a DC network.

The difference between modifications

Rectifiers with 12 V are only used for step-down transformers. Comparators in devices are installed with filters. The limiting overload of modifications is not more than 5 A. Protection systems are often used in the class P48. To overcome the wave interference, they are great. Transformative stabilizers are also often used, which have a high smoothing factor. If we talk about the disadvantages of modifications, it is worth noting that the output current in devices is no more than 15 A.