Life and work of Tyutchev. Themes of creativity Tyutchev

Tyutchev - one of the most outstanding poets of the nineteenth century. His poetry is the embodiment of patriotism and a great sincere love for the Motherland. Tyutchev's life and creativity is the national property of Russia, the pride of the Slavic land and an integral part of the history of the state.

The beginning of the life of the poet

The life of Fedor Tyutchev began in Orel province on December 5, 1803. The future poet was born in a family manor called Ovstug. Fedor Ivanovich began to receive home education, studied Latin and Roman poetry. At the age of twelve, the boy was already translating Horace's odes. In 1817, Tyutchev attended lectures at the Moscow University (at the Department of Literature).

The certificate of completion of the young man was received in 1821. At the same time, he joined the Foreign Affairs Department and was sent to Munich. In Russia, the poet returned only in 1844.

Periodization of creative periods

The first period of creativity of Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev lasts from the 1810s to the 1820s. At this time, the young poet writes his first poems, which in stylistics resemble the poetry of the eighteenth century.

The second period begins in the second half of the 1820s and lasts through the 1840s. The poem called "Gleam" is already an original Tyutchev character, which combines Russian poetry of the eighteenth century and traditional European romanticism.

The third period covers the 1850s - 1870s. It is characterized by the creation of a number of political poems and civil treatises.

Russia in the work of Tyutchev

Upon his return to his homeland, the poet holds the post of senior censor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Almost at the same time, Fyodor Ivanovich joins the Belinsky circle and acts as his active participant. Poems are still being put in the box, but a whole series of articles are published in French. Among the many treatises there are also "On censorship in Russia", "Papacy and the Roman question". These articles are chapters to a book titled "Russia and the West", which Tyutchev wrote, inspired by the revolution of 1848-1849. This treatise contains the image of the millennial power of Russia. Tyutchev with great love describes his homeland, expressing the idea that she is exclusively Orthodox in nature. This work also presents the idea that the whole world consists of a revolutionary Europe and a conservative Russia.

Poetry also acquires a slogan tint: "Slavs", "Vatican anniversary", "Modern" and other poems.

Many works reflect the love of nature, which is inseparable from the love of the Motherland. Tyutchev had such a faith in Russia and its strong citizens that even his daughter wrote in letters that she could be proud of her people and that she would certainly be happy, if only because she was born Russian.

Turning to nature, Fyodor Ivanovich sings his homeland, describes each dewdrop on the grass, so that the reader is imbued with the same tender feelings for his land.

The poet was always able to keep free thoughts and feelings, he did not obey the secular morality and ignored secular decorum. Creativity Tyutchev shrouded in love to all of Russia, every peasant. In poems, he calls it the European "ark of salvation," but the tsar accuses of all the misfortunes and losses of his great people.

Life and work of Tyutchev

The creative path of Fedor Ivanovich covers more than half a century. During this time, he wrote many treatises, articles, including in foreign languages. Three hundred poems, created by Tyutchev, are placed in one book.

Researchers call the poet a late romantic. Tyutchev's work is of a special nature also because he lived abroad for a long time, because of this the author felt lost and alienated for many years.

Some historians and literary critics conditionally divide Fyodor Ivanovich's life into two stages: 1820-1840. And 1850-1860 years.

The first stage is devoted to the study of one's own self, the formation of a worldview and a search for oneself in the universe. The second stage, on the contrary, is an in-depth study of the inner world of one person. The main achievement of this period is called "Denisievsky Cycle".

The bulk of Lyudmila Fedor Tyutchev's lyrics are poems that are philosophical, landscape-philosophical in nature and, of course, a love story. The poet's letters to his beloved also apply to the latter. Creativity Tyutchev also includes civil and political lyrics.

Love lyrics Tyutchev

The 1850s are characterized by the appearance of a new specific character. They become a woman. Love in Tyutchev's creativity has acquired specific outlines, most notably in works such as "I knew my eyes," "Oh, how deadly we love," and "Last Love." The poet begins to study female nature, seeks to understand its essence and comprehends its fate. Tyutchev's favorite girl is a person who has sublime feelings along with anger and contradictions. The lyrics are riddled with pain and pains of the author, there is melancholy and despair. Tyutchev is convinced that happiness is the most fragile thing on earth.

The Denisyevsky cycle

This cycle has another name - "love-tragedy". All poems are dedicated to one woman - Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva. For the poetry of this cycle is characterized by the comprehension of love as a real tragedy of man. Feelings here act as a fatal force, which leads to devastation and subsequent death.

Fedor Ivanovich Tiutchev took no part in the formation of this cycle, and therefore disputes are being waged between literary critics about who the poems are dedicated to - Elena Denisyeva or the wife of the poet - Ernestine.

The similarity of the love lyrics of the "Denisyevsky cycle", which is of a confessional nature, and painful feelings in the novels of Fyodor Dostoyevsky, was repeatedly emphasized. Almost 1,500 letters written by Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev to his beloved have survived to this day.

The theme of nature

Nature in the work of Tyutchev is changeable. She never knows peace, is constantly changing and all the time is in the struggle of opposing forces. Being in the continuous change of day and night, summer and winter, it is so multifaceted. Tyutchev does not spare epithets to describe all of her colors, sounds, smells. The poet literally humanizes it, making nature so close and related to each person. At any time of the year, everyone will find the features that are specific to him, in the weather he will know his mood.

Man and nature in creativity are inseparable, and therefore his lyrics have a two-part composition: the life of nature is parallel to human life.

Features of Tyutchev's creativity consist in the fact that the poet does not try to see the surrounding world through photographs or paints of artists, he endows him with a soul and tries to discern in him a living and intelligent being.

Philosophical motives

Creativity Tyutcheva is of a philosophical nature. The poet from an early age was convinced that the world contains some incomprehensible truth. In his opinion, it is impossible to express the secrets of the universe with words, text can not describe the mystery of the universe.

Answers to the questions of interest to him, he seeks, drawing parallels between human life and the life of nature. Combining them in a single whole, Tyutchev hopes to learn the secret of the soul.

Other themes of creativity Tyutchev

Tiutchev's world view has one more characteristic feature: the poet perceives the world as a dual substance. Fyodor Ivanovich sees two beginnings, constantly fighting among themselves - demonic and ideal. Tyutchev is convinced that the existence of life is impossible in the absence of at least one of these principles. So, in the poem "Day and night" the struggle of opposites is clearly pronounced. Here the day is filled with something joyous, vital and infinitely happy, the night - on the contrary.

Life is based on the struggle between good and evil, in the case of Tyutchev's lyric poetry - a light and dark beginning. According to the author, in this battle there is no winner and loser. And this is the main truth of life. Such a struggle occurs within the person himself, all his life he seeks to know the truth, which can be hidden both in its bright beginning and in the dark.

Hence we can conclude that Tyutchev's philosophy is directly connected with global problems, the author does not see the existence of the ordinary without the great. In each microparticle, he considers the mystery of the universe. The philosophical lyrics of Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev reveal all the charm of the world around us as a divine cosmos.