Legal culture of personality: the concept, signs and factors that influence its formation. Legal culture of society

One of the most pressing problems facing any state is the legal culture of the individual, since it has a direct impact on the overall development of the society and the entire state. This is the theoretical basis of the state and the constituent of other forms of legal culture:

- religious;

- political;

- social.

Interaction between individuals in society is regulated by legislative acts. Legal culture is manifested in labor relations, universal and social, in professional groups, ethnic and other social formations. Therefore, it is very important for each state to teach the basics of the right of its citizens on an ongoing basis, since this value is fundamental for the development of a full-fledged society.

Terminology

Culture as such is a progress in the development of mankind, which is determined not by material factors, but by spiritual factors. These are the indicators that people have achieved over hundreds of years of existence in all spheres of life, thanks to which they improved the living conditions, that is, they improved the form of their existence.

Legal culture is the achievements of mankind in the sphere of development of legal relations and the state itself, in the formation of the rights and freedoms of every citizen. It is an integral part of the overall spiritual integrity of society.

Types of legal culture

There are 3 types of it depending on the carrier:

- culture of society;

- culture of a separate group;

- legal culture of the individual.

Let's talk about each form separately.

Culture of society

This is a system of values accumulated by people in a particular society. Components:

- legal practice in the state;

- compliance with laws and regulations;

- the general level of legal awareness;

- the general state of the legislative base and others.

Culture of the group

Many experts in the field of law against the allocation of this item in the classification, especially the isolation as a separate type, as it is characterized by all the factors that are inherent in the legal culture of society. The main focus of the group's legal culture is how a single individual builds his or her relationships in a single group, friends or at work.

Culture of personality

The legal culture of the individual is the level of legal development, socialization and upbringing of every citizen of the country. It is important to understand how citizens have learned the basics and how they are used in practice. Characteristics:

- informing and forming the legal maturity of each individual;

- transformation of the acquired knowledge into a habit and norm of behavior;

- the readiness of each person to act in accordance with established legal norms;

- Ability to assert their rights if they are violated.

The main emphasis is not only knowledge of legal rules, but also the use of knowledge in practice, and constantly. Legal relations with other subjects of law, the environment should be built only with the observance of laws.

Specificity of the legal culture of the individual

Any culture is first of all a desire for a civilized way of life, an increase in the spiritual, behavioral, intellectual and psychological values of a single individual and the public at large. The legal culture of the individual is not only an understanding of the legal basis and processes, but also the strict observance of the law. At the same time, human behavior should not be constantly stimulated by law enforcement agencies, the norms developed by society should become familiar for each of its members.

Below we list the elements of the legal culture of the individual. There are three, and they are all important. So, this is:

- knowledge of legislation, not only theoretical, but also practical application of knowledge in practice, compliance with laws;

- a habit, more precisely, the formation of a personal relationship to law, which should be traced in lawful and law-abiding behavior;

- the ability of an individual to apply in practice his knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, the ability to protect his rights and freedoms, without violating the law.

Legal awareness

Legal awareness is an inseparable link between society, personality and legal culture. Evaluation and criticism, wishes and expectations in a specific area of law, awareness of social activities. Culture is based entirely on legal consciousness, and vice versa.

Legal awareness is a kind of legal thinking, that is, an individual's ability to determine his place in the "world" of law, the choice of his own line of conduct.

Functions of legal awareness

1. Cognitive. This awareness of human legal phenomena and legal relations in general.

2. Evaluation. This is the formation of ideas about the law and the very idea of a legal society. On the basis of these representations, each person builds his own negative or positive attitude to individual norms and to legislation in general.

3. Regulatory. This is a complete understanding and construction of a model of behavior according to the norms of the law in force.

Formation of legal culture

The rule of law can be achieved only in a society where the sense of justice is maximally developed, therefore one of the most fundamental tasks of any government is the education of the responsibility for their actions among citizens. It is the upbringing of the legal culture - this is one of the most effective measures for the prevention of crime and the fight against crime.

Legal education includes a systematic impact on the consciousness of individuals, the formation of a culture of behavior of each member of society. And it is achieved through the following means:

1. Legal education. The essence of the methodology is to give every citizen all the accumulated knowledge in the society in the sphere of legal relations. To teach each person to protect their rights, to refuse to violate the law, to form a positive attitude to the legislation. Naturally, every citizen should have an individual approach. Training is conducted in schools, secondary and higher institutions, at lectures and seminars.

2. Legal propaganda is inseparably linked with training. Someone will follow the rules only on the grounds that he has a general idea of law and legislation. In other persons it is necessary to educate the sense of justice constantly through lectures and special propaganda events. It is clear that it is not required from every citizen to know the laws at the level of an experienced lawyer, but everyone must know the basics.

3. Legal practice. Regardless of how much the government spends on propaganda and training, increasing the sense of justice of its citizens, without the normal work of the courts, prosecutors and law enforcement officers, the legal culture of society will not exist in the state. Any citizen will act in the same way as judicial and power structures. If officials circumvent the law, then citizens will try to get around it.

Legal practice against the backdrop of state legal consciousness is the elimination of bureaucracy and bribery.

4. Self-education. Not the last place is self-education. If a citizen realizes that he must follow the letter of the law, engage in raising the level of education, then this is a huge prevention of illegal actions. This line of behavior should be adhered to not only by legal practitioners, but also by all citizens of the country.

In addition, the formation of socio-cultural qualities and the "improvement" of society itself - this is the legal culture of the individual. Factors affecting the formation of culture:

- elimination of the principle "everything that is not forbidden" is possible;

- Increasing the professionalism of government officials at all levels;

- practical implementation of the constitutional norm - the rule of law;

- the promotion of lawful behavior, and not only the impact through punitive measures on the offenders.

Along with this, a citizen should understand that all legal and civil institutions are aimed at the realization of his rights, their protection. And this is a direct duty of the state.

Socialization of personality in the field of law

Not the last place is the legal socialization of the individual. Socialization within the framework of philosophy and psychology is regarded as the formation of the personality, development and formation of the social essence of each citizen. Legal socialization is one of the components of the overall socialization of the individual.

The components of legal culture and socialization are realized in the following ways:

- formation of the attitude of the individual to other individuals;

- the behavior of the citizen as a whole in society and his attitude to the state;

- attitude to yourself.

To form legal socialization requires constant analysis, and not only positive factors. It is very important which components of law have a negative impact on a person's personality. This may be an inaccuracy in the formulation of individual norms of the law, the inconsistency of acts, the complexity and volume of codes of legislative acts. All this can lead to the fact that a person starts antisocial activity, in some cases can even reach riots. Then it happens that socialization and sense of justice - this is not a norm for members of society, and as a result, growing crime and disobedience.

In practice, the state is obliged to constantly update the components and norms of the social environment, adapt them to the current realities and strive for democracy in society with all the signs of humanism and justice.

Lawful behavior: the concept, characteristics, types

Rightful behavior is treated as such, which fully corresponds to the norms adopted in a particular society. It must be approved by all members of society and be socially useful. Let's try to distinguish between utility and legitimacy. For example, it is possible not to go to the polls - this is quite legitimate, but it has no utility for society.

Signs of lawfulness of actions

1. Externally, the behavior is expressed in action or inaction, the main thing - that everything was within the limits of what is allowed.

2. The conduct is legally significant, that is, it entails legal consequences.

3. Is conscious.

4. On the part of the state, it is encouraged by permitting and protective norms.

For social significance, legitimate behavior can be:

• Necessary for the whole society as a whole (for example, the need to serve in the army);
• Desirable for the state (for example, scientific research);
• Permissible, that is, one that, perhaps, is also blamed by members of society, but it is entirely permissible under the norms of legislation (for example, the activities of religious societies).

Lawful behavior is classified and based on the motives of committing acts:

1. Socially-active behavior is the actions of individuals, completely coinciding with the norms of the law. The object of law is fully aware and accepts the existing law and order.

2. Conformist. This action of a citizen, based not on personal convictions, but on the fact that "everyone does that".

3. Marginal behavior. Characterized by the fact that the individual follows the prescriptions of existing norms only under the influence of threat or coercion. Only the control of the state is relaxed, the behavior of the marginal becomes immediately opposite and illegal.

Civil and Legal Culture: Unifying Factors

Of course, legal culture is a multilayered and significant phenomenon. But it is inconceivable without civil culture. Civil and legal culture of personality are inextricably linked and can not exist without each other.

Civic culture is a person's quality, which includes respect for others, love of the Motherland, tolerance to other races and religions. Civil responsibility itself is nothing but the result of education in the legal sphere, political and moral. The foundations of civil culture are laid in the family and educational institutions. At school, children learn the basics of the state and law, the basics of governing the state, the formation of power structures, the rights and duties of citizens and government. In the formation of legal and civil responsibility, the family also has a great value: the attitude and attitude of the children to the society depends on the opinion and the public position of the parents.

To date, not all countries can boast at least the average level of legal culture of their population, and many do not have a legal culture of society, which is confirmed by the high level of crime. As a rule, the fault is the lack of accessibility to normative documents, weak propaganda and almost complete lack of desire of the government to raise the level of civil and legal culture, to involve the population in law-making activity.