Industrialization and collectivization

The economy in our country required some stabilization, the development of sustainable and timely growth, however, it was only the policy of the NEP that could do this. The qualitative stage of development could begin only thanks to a new industrial upsurge, particularly in the military sphere. NEP envisaged all possible ways of becoming, but they ran counter to the ideas of communist society, which ultimately led to the emergence of such concepts as industrialization and collectivization.

Industrialization in the USSR originates in December 1925 after the 14th Party Congress. Consider this concept in more detail. Industrialization is the process of forming large-scale machine production, which is directed at all branches of economic activity. In fact, as a serious investment source for the reversal of such a massive event could only be the village. Industrialization and collectivization together represented a competent policy of the state, where the first is aimed at development, but the second direct text designated non-economic methods of coercion to the work of the peasants. And although there was a general reduction in agricultural production, incomes for the state were colossal.

An additional movable force was the Great Depression of 1929-33, occurring in the West. The crisis simply forced the Europeans to look for new product markets, and the Soviet Union was the most suitable place with unlimited financial opportunities. As a consequence, during the main stage of industrialization (from 1928 to 1938), already three quarters of all equipment was imported. Thus, both industrialization and collectivization fully justified themselves in the eyes of the political figures of the country.

It is worth noting that the technology of implementing industrialization was new. At the core were five-year plans for the development of the national economy in the USSR. It is worth saying that five such plans were adopted before the war began . In the sphere of development of the entire national economy, all methods created an advantage, however, in fact the planned development framework was not implemented. Due to the planned economy, it was possible to concentrate immediately on the promotion of strategically important sectors, for example, in heavy industry, transport, defense industry, energy and others. Already during the first five-year period, industrialization and collectivization yield their results: more than 1,500 different factories and plants were built. In the second five-year period the number reaches 4,500. Thus, by the thirties, the Soviet Union has become a powerful industrialized power that imposes competition on the prosperous states of the West.

Industrialization has brought many positive moments, not counting the progress in industry: unemployment in the country has been eliminated, highly skilled workers have appeared, engineers have been trained actively, and progress in terms of universal education has begun. The social horizons were significantly increased, and people began to strive to make their career. But it all struck another sphere - the village, which paid for everything.

Collectivization was aimed at the liquidation of the individual economy, the emergence of a new social economy. Free use of manufactured products was excluded, all of it was sent to the state. As a result, there were problems with food. Mass collectivization starts in 1929. Since that period, for a couple of months, there are already 2.4 million farms on the collective farms, which entered there, which was much higher than the figure of the 12th anniversary. Naturally, the village perceives such orders in bayonets, but the state responds rigidly and irrevocably, sending out a detachment of "twenty-five thousanders". Punitive organs come to the fore.

A schedule of collectivization is also being formed, which sets the pace of economic development. Here it is worth noting the emergence of some spirit of rivalry, when the leaders had a desire to exceed their schedule. Repressive measures were toughened in order to suppress mass resistance. It is here that there is a need for a passport system, which is introduced by the state, but it does not apply to the peasants. As a consequence, they again lose some freedom, since without a passport they can not move anywhere (they turn out to be attached to this or that site). It's easy to guess who was again humiliated and offended. Subsequently, in 1932, the mass famine began.