Income tax calculation: posting. Taxes: Posting

Profit tax - a federal fee that is levied on the income of legal entities at a certain time and in accordance with the procedure established by law. And most of it goes to the local or regional budget. The calculation of taxes is characterized by similar assignments, when both calculations are very different. Consider accounting entries, examples of which will be explained in detail in the article.

What is the amount of the tax on profits?

Calculation of the tax base occurs at the end of the year, when the enterprise calculates the amount of profit and its components. To determine the amount due to the budget, from the total value of income calculate the cost. The final result of the calculations is taxable profit. After multiplying it by the interest rate, the amount of the federal tax payable will be determined, and it will be possible to compile the accounting entries (accounts 68, 99).

In the event that, according to the report, the loss outweighed the profit, the tax base is considered to be zero. To determine its value, the following formula is used: H _b = D _p + D _bn - P - _{V b} , where:

• N _b - the tax base.
• D _r - income from sales.
• Д _вн - non-operating income.
• P - the cost of production, sales and non-sales.
• Ub - loss of past years.

After determining the tax base, the enterprise must calculate the profit tax (posting Dt "Profit and loss" Ct "Income tax"). In this case, a separate calculation of payments to the federal and regional / local budgets is made.

Settlement period for income tax

Most enterprises "remember" the obligation to pay interest from their income to the state once a year - after the preparation of financial statements, then the accounting records of the income tax are compiled. In this case, the settlement period is considered to be one year. The amount of the tax base is determined by the cumulative total from the first day. The reporting period is the intervals of 3, 6 and 9 months.

There is another way of settlements with the state for this type of tax: directly from the profit received for each month. This is an advance payment method "after the fact". For some legal entities, it is convenient, which is not prohibited by law. The reporting period is the month, two, three, and so on, respectively, until the end of the year.

Income tax calculation: posting, rules

Reflection of payment from the income of the organization is regulated by PBU 18/02. The process consists of two consecutive stages. To begin with, you need to determine the accounting profit, and then align the result with the tax accounting data.

The result of the first calculation is considered a conditional expense or income on income tax. The calculation is carried out according to the formula: Y _{p / q} = П _б × С, where:

• At _{р / д} - the conditional expense / income;
• П _b - profit accounting;
• C - the rate of income tax (from 10 to 20%).

Accounting profit is determined on the basis of accounting data and is the difference between the confirmed income and expenses of the enterprise for the period under review.

At this stage, the profit tax is calculated: posting Dt "Profit and loss" subc. "Expenditure conditional on income tax" Ct "Taxes" sub. "Profit tax" or Дт "Taxes" sub. "Profit tax" Ct "Profits and losses" sub. "Income conditional on income tax."

Comparison of the amount of profit on tax and accounting

In connection with different rules for reflecting business operations, there are inconsistencies in tax and accounting. After calculating the accounting profit for the reporting period, corrections should be made to the received value Y _{p / q} : H _n = H _o + H a _from - H _vol.o + Y _{p / d} , where:

• Н _п - the profit (loss) current tax.
• N _o - tax liability of a permanent nature.
• On - the tax asset deferred.
• Н _об.от - tax liability deferred.

Temporary differences between tax and accounting data form a deferred tax asset or liability. If the profit of the enterprise in the accounting registers is greater than that of the tax registers, one speaks of a deferred tax liability. Its value is equal to the difference multiplied by the tax rate. In the opposite case, a deferred tax asset is formed, which is calculated in this manner.

A tax obligation of a permanent nature is formed due to the appearance of a constant difference between the profit indicators in the accounting and tax records. They are reflected by posting Дт "Profits and losses" Кт "Taxes" on separate subaccounts.

Example calculations and accruals

Consider the situation: during the year the company issued a loan for the amount of 1 million 200 thousand rubles and in the form of an initial payment paid 400 thousand. In the first quarter, the profit was 2 million 480 thousand and VAT 240 thousand rubles. The total cost is 750 thousand rubles. The tax loss for the previous period is 80 thousand rubles. Calculate and calculate the income tax.

The solution consists of successive actions:

1. We calculate the tax base: Н _б = 2480000 - 240000 - 750000 - 80000 = 1 410 000 rubles.
2. We will accept a tax rate of 20% (2% and 18%) for the condition, the total amount of the corporate profit tax will be: Н _п = 1410000 × 0.2 = 282 000 rubles.
3. From the withdrawn amount to the federal budget will be: 1 410 000 × 0.02 = 28 200 rubles, to the local / regional budget: 1 410 000 × 0.18 = 253 800 rubles.
4. The income tax was accrued: the posting of Dr "Profit and loss" Ct "Taxes" for the amount of 282,000 rubles.

The transfer of income tax to the state budget is accompanied by a record: Дт "Taxes" Кт "Bank account".

Basic accounting entries for monthly payments

Monthly payment of income tax can be made by charging the amount for the actual income received for the previous month or quarter. In the second case, the tax amount received is divided into 3 equal parts. In the following example, consider the situation in which the company pays the tax quarterly. For better perception, we presented it in the form of a table.

The monthly payment is made by transferring a third of the total tax for the quarter. Postings in this case are made for both accrual and payment of each payment.

Other compulsory payments to the budget

In addition to the profit tax, the enterprise is obliged to transfer other payments, for example, VAT, personal income tax, property tax and transport. To group data on liabilities to the state, the active-passive account is used 68. Accounting postings are made for each type of taxes in the respective sub-accounts.

Corresponding accounts for tax purposes differ depending on their type. If the profit tax is referred to the "Profits and Losses" account, then the personal income tax is logically reflected in the calculation account with the staff for wages.

Preparation of tax entries

What is a tax? This commitment to the state, which is reflected in the balance sheet. Hence, the calculation of taxes - postings indicating the credit of the account 68. The accounts are debited at the place where the costs for payments are incurred.

Consider the main accounting entries for the calculation and payment of taxes:

• Дт "The main production" Кт "Taxes" - the land tax is added.
• Дт «Calculations on wages» Кт «Taxes» - personal income tax is registered.
• Дт «Settlements with founders» Кт «Taxes» - the tax to dividends is added.
• Дт «Other expenses» Кт «Taxes» - the tax to property is allocated.
• Дт "Sales" Кт "Taxes" - it is accepted to the account of the VAT.
• Дт "Taxes" Кт "Bank account" - from the current account the debts under taxes are paid off.

The transfer of amounts to the state budget should be timely. The slightest delay in payment promises the introduction of additional penalties that are not profitable for the entrepreneur. Calculation of taxes in the interests of a legal entity must be carried out truthfully, lawfully and in a timely manner.