"Imipenem + Cilastatin": description, instructions and references

Some infectious diseases are not easy to win. They can not only seriously disturb the state of health, but even create a real threat to the life of the patient. In such cases, really high-quality and effective medicines should be used that can successfully defeat a dangerous infection and restore health. To combat various infectious diseases, the "Imipenem + Cilastatin" remedy is often used. According to reviews of patients and doctors, it is incredibly effective. Before deciding to start treatment with the drug, it is necessary to find out as much information as possible about the preparation "Imipenem + Cilastatin": the trade name of the drug, the features of the action and the method of its use. Who should use this medication? What are the contraindications? What side effects can you expect? All this information you can learn by reading this article.

Composition

The composition of the preparation "Imipenem + Cilastatin" includes an equal combination of cilastatin (which is an inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropeptidase of the kidneys) and sodium salts of imipenem (antibiotic). In one bottle of the drug, as a rule, contains five hundred milligrams of both substances.

Form of issue

The considered drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin" is available as a powder for injection (for intravenous administration) in vials of various sizes, namely sixty and one hundred and twenty milliliters. This powder must be dissolved in a solution (buffer) of sodium hydrogencarbonate.

In the case where the drug is prescribed for intramuscular injection, vials containing 0.5 or 0.75 grams of imipenem and cilastatin should be purchased (depending on the dosage that was prescribed to the patient by the treating doctor).

Indications for use

The drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin" is prescribed for use by patients in the presence of infectious and inflammatory diseases that were caused by microorganisms sensitive to the action of the main active substances of the preparation, which include both polymicrobial and mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections (infectious Diseases of the urinary tract and lower respiratory tract, sepsis, infectious diseases of the joints and bones, peritonitis, intra-abdominal infections, inflammatory diseases processes that occur in the pelvic organs,. various infectious diseases of the skin and soft tissues, as well as endocarditis Also, the drug is effectively used as a prevention of complications after surgery.

pharmachologic effect

The effectiveness of the drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin" is due to a successful combination of the two active components. The first, imipenem, is a special beta-lactam antibiotic, which actively destroys pathogenic bacteria (thus having a bactericidal effect). This substance has a rather wide spectrum of action. And this means that many pathogenic microorganisms are sensitive to its effects. The second component, cilastatin sodium, actively acting on the enzyme, which decomposes imipenem in the kidneys of the patient's body, suppresses its effect, which contributes to a sufficient increase in the concentration of the above antibiotic in an unchanged form in the patient's body. Consequently, the overall effectiveness of the drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin" is repeatedly increased.

Application

To achieve the greatest effect and to avoid the occurrence of any negative consequences of therapy, it is important to carefully follow the recommendations for the use of the drug. The drug "Imipenem and Cilastatin Jodas" is injected into the patient's body intravenously (drip).

Although the instruction suggests averaged doses for the use of the drug, it is important to adjust the therapy regimen directly from the attending physician before starting the treatment, which can correctly establish the appropriate dosage taking into account all the individual characteristics of the patient and his anamnesis.

The dose that contains the "Imipenem + Cilastatin" medication instruction for the substance in question is intended for those patients whose body weight exceeds seventy kilograms. Those patients, whose body weight is less, should proportionally reduce the working dose of the drug (it is important that this process is managed by a competent specialist).

For an adult patient, the average daily dose of the drug "Imipenem and Cilastatin Jodas" is one to two grams, provided it is divided into three to four injections. At the same time, the maximum dose that is acceptable for administration for one day is four grams or fifty milligrams per kilogram of body weight (the choice should fall on the lower of the two of these allowable doses).

Doses also vary depending on the severity of the course of the disease. So, if it is a patient with a mild degree of infection, then the working dose of the drug for him will be two hundred and fifty milligrams (repeat the injection four times a day). If the severity is average, then the amount of the drug for a single injection should be five hundred milligrams. The agent should be administered thrice a day. If the infection is severe, then this dose should be applied four times a day. When the patient's condition is so serious that there is a serious threat to his life, then one gram should be administered three to four times a day. The drug should be administered slowly (grams for an hour, two hundred and fifty to five hundred milligrams - for twenty to thirty minutes).

If a drug is used to prevent postoperative infections, it is important to inject one gram during anesthesia and the same dose, three hours after.

If during the operation there was a threat of the development of any infection (especially the operations on the rectum and large intestine), "Imipenem + Cilastatin" instructions for use recommends the administration of five hundred milligrams eight and sixteen hours after anesthesia.

In order to prepare a working solution, it is necessary to add a hundred milliliters of a specialized solvent into the vial of the substance powder, which includes a five percent or ten percent aqueous solution of dextrose, a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride. In such a solution, the concentration of the antibiotic imipenem should not be more than five milligrams per milliliter.

Do not use this drug at the same time as other antibacterial drugs, as well as with the lactic acid salt.

The substance is not compatible with other beta-lactam antibiotics (these include cephalosporin, monobactam and penicillin). Their simultaneous application can lead to the emergence of cross-allergic reactions.

Interaction with ganciclovir sometimes provokes the development of generalized seizures.

Various substances that block tubular secretion, increase the concentration of imipenem in the blood plasma, as well as its half-life. Thus, if effective administration requires the administration of this substance in high doses, then these groups of substances should not be used simultaneously.

It is forbidden to use the drug in question during the period of gestation, as well as during breastfeeding.

This drug should not be used to fight meningitis.

Urine during therapy can be slightly colored in a reddish hue.

Drug forms of the drug (for intravenous administration and for intramuscular administration) should be used strictly for their intended purpose. They are not interchangeable. Before starting treatment with the medicament in question, it is important to conduct a thorough investigation for allergic reactions or increased individual sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics.

If the patient already had other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, colitis, then using the drug in question, there is a possibility of developing pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

In order to successfully avoid the occurrence of any unpleasant reactions from the central nervous system in those patients who have had any brain trauma or suffered from convulsions, it is recommended to carry out accompanying therapy with high-quality antiepileptic medications.

It should be borne in mind that elderly patients are likely to have age-related renal dysfunction, which may require a dose reduction.

It is important to remember that elderly patients should use the drug with caution. As a rule, they exhibit symptoms of various age-related disorders in the functioning of the kidneys. In this case, if you need to use the drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin", the instruction manual recommends that you consult with your doctor to reduce the dose of the medicine used.

There are some special conditions for the use of the medicament for children. If their body weight exceeds forty kilograms, the same recommendations as for adult patients can be applied to them. If the child is older than three months, and his weight is less than forty kilograms, then the maximum daily dose of such a patient will be two grams. They should be administered fifteen milligrams per kilogram four times a day.

In no case should the medicine "Imipenem + Cilastatin" be used for children who have not yet reached the age of three months, as well as those children who have a disrupted normal functioning of the kidneys, which can be expressed in the serum creatinine concentration level above two milligrams per deciliter.

Contraindications

There are some nuances that must be considered when using Imenepem + Cilastatin. The instruction recommends that you carefully study the contraindications to this drug. Among them are the following:

• Period of bearing of the child;
• The period of breastfeeding;
• Children up to three months;
• Children who suffer from impaired renal function, associated with a high concentration of serum creatinine;
• Individual sensitivity to individual components of the drug in question, as well as to other beta-lactam antibiotics and carbapenems.

It is important to take into account that to elderly patients, as well as those who suffer or have ever suffered from diseases of the central nervous system or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the drug should be taken with caution under the constant supervision of the attending physician. It is he who can competently assign the correct dosage of the drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin." It is important to study the contraindications before starting treatment.

Side effects

It is important to know one more nuance about the agent "Imipenem + Cilastatin." The formula of the drug is that some patients may experience some adverse reactions from various body systems. Among them are: thrombophlebitis, taste disorder, candidiasis, oliguria, myoclonia, hallucinations, paresthesia, confusion, acute renal failure, mental disorders, epileptic seizures, polyuria, anuria, indigestion, hepatitis, nausea and vomiting, leukopenia, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, Lymphocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, eosinophilia, pruritus, leukopenia, skin rash, thrombocytosis, hypercreatininaemia, monocytosis, urticaria, basophilia, direct positive Coombs test.

There is no exact information on how to cope with an overdose of the drug in question. However, it is known that these active substances successfully undergo hemodialysis. Nevertheless, it is still unknown how effective this procedure is in case of an overdose. Therefore, it is important to follow all the recommendations that contain the description of this drug for the use of the "Imipenem + Cilastatin" agent.

Storage conditions

In order that the use of the drug was effective, it is important to take into account another important point. Namely, how to store the drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin." The description of the substance contains the following tips.

The powder should be kept in a room where the room temperature is maintained. The finished working solution should be used no later than an hour after manufacturing. Solutions of sodium chloride at room temperature can be stored for no more than ten hours, and in the refrigerator - no more than forty-eight. Glucose solutions can be stored no more than four and twenty four hours respectively.

Analogues

There are a number of drugs that are part of the group of analogues of the drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin." Substitutes for the drug in question are Inemplus, Mixaxil, Lastinem, Synerpen, Tiaktam, Piminam, Supranem and Tihenam. As a rule, all these preparations have the same active substance as the drug in question. The main active substances of these drugs are imipenem, cilastatin (the trade name of which reflects the above medications). Thus, for these medications, on the whole, there are also contraindications, and side effects, and pharmacological action. However, it should be remembered that the dosage should be prescribed by the attending physician, who will be able to take into account all the necessary nuances. The preparation "Imipenem + Cilastatin", analogues of the medication should not be used by patients arbitrarily, without the appointment of the attending physician and his constant control. Including his consultation is necessary and when selecting the appropriate analog.

Generalization

Practice confirms the effectiveness of the drug "Imipenem + Cilastatin." The reviews report successful treatment results. However, both doctors and patients emphasize that it is important to follow exactly the recommendations that are contained in the instructions and which are provided by the attending physician. Only this method of therapy can benefit the patient's body.

Do not ignore contraindications, the presence of which does not allow you to start treatment with the drug. Otherwise, its use can not only not give a positive result, but also cause serious damage to the physical condition of the patient. Also, misuse of the drug in question can lead to side effects, some of which can significantly exacerbate the patient's condition. It is important that the treatment is conducted under the guidance of a competent doctor who is not only well acquainted with the features of the use of this drug, but also possesses the necessary skills and knowledge to cope with unexpectedly arising severe situations. Your health should be in the hands of real professionals.

Before deciding to start treatment with the drug, it is important to carefully read all the information about it, which reflects the characteristics of its effects on the body. It is necessary to know all about the potential possible adverse reactions, the occurrence of which can cause a lot of inconvenience to the patient and the difficulties of his treating doctor.

It is important to treat the choice of treatment method as responsibly as possible. Choose the best quality drugs!