How to grow a large onion from the seva? How to plant onion in the open ground? How to soak onions before planting?

Onion is the most popular vegetable. It has been used by man for more than two million years. Without the onion it is impossible to do without cooking. It is used not only in cooking, but also in medicine, as it has medicinal properties. And here's how to grow a large onion from the village, read in the article.

General information about onions

The origin of the vegetable is not exactly established. He first became known in Afghanistan or Iran. Onion is the oldest culture that man began to cultivate. One can only assume that his domestication began when people began to engage in farming.

In Europe, the onion was spread in the 5th-6th centuries thanks to the Romans. Already in the 10th century it was cultivated everywhere in such countries as France and Spain. The appearance of the onion in Russia dates back to the 12th century. This vegetable has become food for the population every day. Subsequently, many breeds of onions were bred by folk breeders, many of which are grown in various regions of our country even now.

Preparation of seeding

First the planting material is moved to remove sick, dried, damaged, cut and bared onions. The remaining instances are sorted by size. This is necessary for the uniformity of shoots. To bow onion did not go to the arrow, small bulbs are used for planting, up to one centimeter in diameter. They are planted earlier.

Planting the best onion-sowing, whose diameter is two centimeters, are engaged later. Segment with a diameter exceeding the previous size is considered to be large. It is called "samples", it is bred for greenery. From such a bow, good heads can not be obtained, since bulbs of large size are allowed to shoot.

Preparation of the seeding by heating

How to prepare onions for sowing? If it is purchased, the planting material is warmed up. To do this, the sow is placed near the heating devices, heating the air to 35 degrees. A heated sevok is called moraine. You can process the net in another way. Before planting it is poured hot water for about two minutes and immediately lowered into the cold one. A minute later they take it out. If this procedure is not carried out, the onion gives the arrows.

Preparation of seeding with nutrient solution

How to soak onions before planting? For this, a nutrient solution is used. It is prepared simply: for 10 liters of water - one spoonful of nitrophosphate, although any complex fertilizer can be used. In this solution, bulbs are placed in tissue bags for a period of half a day.

How to soak onions before planting? After the time has elapsed, the sowing is removed, not washed, but immediately dropped into a new solution for 10 minutes. It's easy to cook. In 10 liters of water, a teaspoon of copper sulfate is diluted. Also, the processing of onion-sowing with potassium permanganate is applied.

Soaking in the salt solution

You can use another way, which is called grandmother's. First the sowing is dried for a week at a temperature of 20-25 degrees. Then soak for three hours in a solution: in two liters of water, dilute two tablespoons of salt.

After this bulbs are washed and placed in a highly concentrated solution of potassium permanganate for a period of two hours. This is necessary in order to exclude fungal diseases. After soaking in any way, the sowing is washed and planted on a bed.

Terms of planting

In different regions they differ in time. It depends on the weather. The main condition - the sowing is planted in a well-heated soil, otherwise it will go to the arrow. If planting a fall in autumn, the best time is in the middle of October. Is it afraid of onion-freezing? Vegetable safely overwinter, if before the onset of winter, cover it with sawdust or peat. The thickness of the layer is 3-4 centimeters. Spruce branches are used as a covering material. When snow falls, he is thrown on the beds.

The exact date of the spring planting is difficult to specify, since it is directly related to the weather of a particular region. Is it afraid of onion-freezing? In spring, there are often recurrent frosts. Therefore, the onion is planted in the ground, when it warms up to 12 degrees of heat at a depth of 8-10 centimeters. If you plant it in a cold soil, the onion will sooner release arrows, which will greatly reduce the resistance of the vegetable to diseases and pests. It is very important to remove snow from the bed in time, so that water stagnation does not form. If this is not done, the sevok can rot.

Site Selection

How to grow a large onion from the seva? First of all, you need to determine for him a place where he will be comfortable. Onion is a photophilic culture, so for its growth choose an open area with good lighting. This vegetable is hygrophilous, but does not like excessive moisturizing. A site with surface groundwater for the growth of onions is not suitable. The draft does not tolerate drafts and shady places. You can not land onions on one site for two or three years in a row.

Soil for planting

Onions prefer the loose, nutrient-rich sandy loam or loamy soil, which is recommended to be prepared in autumn. If this is done just before planting, in the spring, only the upper part of the plant and the weeds will grow. The lower part, that is, the future bulb, will be at rest, there will be no growth.

In autumn, the introduced peat bog compost has time to decompose, and when digging a bed, it is necessary to mix with the soil. Fertilizers of organic origin are combined with mineral additives, for example, "Fertik Osen".

When using complex fertilizers, grooves are made six to eight centimeters deep, they evenly fill the prepared mixture and cover with a thin layer of soil, approximately two centimeters. Between grooves the distance is 25 centimeters. This method is economical and that the food comes directly to the roots.

It is very important to take into account such an indicator as acidity. Sour soil must necessarily be lime. On the surface of the site, lime, wood ash, chalk or dolomite flour should be scattered.

Forming beds

After fertilization, thorough digging, weed removal and disinfection, watering of the soil is carried out based on a square meter of two liters of water. Experts recommend to spread on the surface of the soil the usual salt, which is afraid of the onion fly, otherwise this pest will ruin the crop.

The beds in width can be of any size, the main thing is that there are normal conditions when caring for plants. But it should be borne in mind that a plant like a bow prefers space. The beds should be made high, so the soil will warm up more quickly.

Landing in the ground

Planted onions in spring, from the first of May and until the middle of the month. Autumn planting is carried out in October, before the onset of the first frost. How to grow a large onion from the seva? To obtain a good harvest of large bulbs, many factors are taken into account, one of which is that the sowing should be planted on a site where vegetables such as cucumbers, cabbage of all kinds, zucchini, potatoes, tomatoes and legumes used to grow. The sevok is planted both in spring and in autumn. Regardless of the season, you can achieve a high harvest, following the rules of planting and caring for onions.

How to plant onion in the open ground? Before planting it is sorted by size. If the diameter of the onions is up to one centimeter, the distance between them should be 4-5 centimeters, for 1.5-centimeter - 6-8, for 2-centimeter and more-8-10. How to plant onion in the open ground? In order for bulbs to grow not only in depth, but also in breadth, the free space between the rows should be 25 centimeters. With this arrangement, it is easier to care for the onions, it will be better ventilated, and most importantly, the risk of disease and pests will decrease.

At what depth is the onion planted? It is buried in the soil by about 4 centimeters. That the bed was even, it is a little rolled up. This is done in order to facilitate the landing. If the sowing is embedded deep into the soil, the shape of the future bulb will be elongated. With shallow burial, the entire harvest is under threat, since the bulbs will be on the surface, their roots will be pushed out. The taste of the onion collected in autumn will be unpleasant. At what depth is the onion planted? It depends on what size bulbs are. For small sowing small grooves are made, for a large planting material the grooves are deeper.

Soil Care

How to grow a large onion from the seva? To the vegetable is pleased with the rich harvest, it needs to be properly taken care of: weed and loosen the soil, regularly water the plants. It is not necessary to thin down the Seva, since the distance between the onions is determined when planting, taking into account their growth. Until the emergence of sprouting only between the rows, and when the sowing will rise, this must be done around the bush of onions. The soil after watering necessarily loosens to a depth of five centimeters, so as not to damage the plant. After watering, a crust forms on the surface of the earth, which prevents the penetration of oxygen to the roots. This is another reason why loosening the soil is necessary.

How to water?

Irrigation of onion-sowing is carried out moderately, as it is not a moisture-loving culture. In a strong heat it is enough to water the plants once in six days, the rest of the time - in ten days. Sometimes the weather allows you to grow onions without watering. For this, it is necessary that the summer be moderately warm, and the rains go with the necessary periodicity. But that rarely happens.

What to feed?

If you plant onion in a fertile soil, you can do without feeding. But such gardening is not practiced by gardening, as for stimulating growth and obtaining large fruits, onions need a lot of useful and nutritious substances.

If the soil is meager, the feeding of onions is carried out several times: when the height of the aboveground part of the plant reaches 7-9 centimeters, then after three weeks. The last top dressing is carried out 21 days after the repeated application of fertilizers.

You can use bird droppings, diluted in water, or mullein in the calculation of 100 grams per five liters. When watering, they consume two and a half liters of liquid per square meter of water. For fertilizing use urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride 15 grams per two squares.

Diseases and pests

The most dangerous thing for a vegetable is the onion fly. The larvae of this pest affect the fruit from the inside, causing rotting of the bulb and wilting of the feathers. If signs of damage are found, the plants must be torn out and burned or taken out of the garden.

To prevent damage to the vegetable pest, in the autumn they dig up the beds to a depth of 30 centimeters. This is necessary to ensure that pests perished during severe frosts. To prevent the beds, watered with a solution: 400 grams of salt per 10 liters of water. The onion fly does not spread if the soil is triturated with sunflower ash mixed with tobacco dust.

Another pest is the secretive sphincter (weevil beetle). Adult individuals and larvae selected onion feathers for their nutrition. When defeated, they fade, yield decreases. For prevention, you need to regularly loosen the soil, as the larvae on its surface die.

Onions are affected by tobacco and onion thrips and scoops. For prophylaxis they make a deep digging of the soil in autumn, regularly loosening the soil, treating the leaves with various infusions. For their preparation use celandine, wormwood, bitter pepper, tobacco, white mustard.

Harvesting

Before choosing onion heads from the soil, you should make sure they are fully ripe. If the feathers have dried and laid to the ground, and the bulb on the top of the scales dry, you can start harvesting. Onions are torn out with roots and withered feathers, do not cut them off. Then the collected heads are spread in one layer under a canopy or in a barn with good ventilation and left for two to three weeks, after which the roots and dry feathers are cut off or braided from a bow by a braid.

Store in a dry place at a temperature of up to 22 degrees Celsius. For this, you can use a cellar or a cellar where the temperature reaches only one degree of heat. The main condition is dryness.

The use of onions

Healing properties of the vegetable are known to people since ancient times. Onions are rich in essential oils and mineral salts. Iron in the vegetable is a good preventive agent for anemia, and potassium - for diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Onions are recommended to be used in large quantities, since it cleanses the blood, restores sleep, repairs the nervous system, prevents heart attacks and strokes.

On the basis of a medicinal vegetable, tinctures are prepared for the treatment of colds, flu, colds, respiratory tract. Many diseases are treated due to the antibacterial and disinfectant properties of onions.