How to cook with electric welding? How to cook a vertical seam by electric welding. How to boil metal with electric welding

It is often necessary to connect metal parts or fragments of parts. There are several ways to get the desired result. The most common method for joining iron and steel parts is the electric welding method.

What is it based on?

How to cook with electric welding? In order to understand the principle, we need to remember physics from the school program. One of the wires of the welding machine is connected to the work piece. When the electrode contacts this surface, an electric arc arises . At the point of contact, a depression is formed, which is filled with molten metal as the electrode moves. The edges of the metal parts melt under the influence of a huge temperature and turn into a single whole.

Arc ignition methods

Learning how to brew metal with electric welding, it is worth learning something about the method itself. The distance and the electric high-temperature pulse between the part and the electrode are called the arc. There are two ways to create such conditions:

• In the first case, the electrode (quickly touching) is "struck" on the iron, as if a match. The arched arc must be preserved, leading an additive a few mm from the working surface of the metal.
• In the second case, the tip of the electrode should be taped sharply along the workpiece.

The resulting arc should not go out. If this still happens, before the electric welding continues, the seams need to be cleaned of scale. Neglect of this rule leads to the formation of a hole.

Importance of current strength for welding

Calculation of the current strength corresponding to the thickness of the electrode will show in practice how to learn how to weld by electric welding. If there is insufficient current, the electrode will stick, and the arc will go out. With a large current, the metal will spray and burn. If you use a welding transformer, an electrode of 1 mm corresponds to a current of 30-35 A. When using a welding inverter, an electrode of 3 mm corresponds to a current of 80 A. If the current is increased, iron can be cut.

Electrodes are selected taking into account the chemical composition of the metal. There are several types of this filler material:

• Steel;
• Bimetallic;
• Cast iron;
• Copper;
• Brass ones.

All of them are marked with an index and numbers, indicating that for a metal of what hardness and thickness each kind is intended.

When learning how to properly weld with electric welding, you need to remember that to obtain quality seams, the electrodes must match the thickness of the metal.

Welding of flat sheets of metal

Thin metal (from 1 to 3 mm) is joined end-to-end without gaps and additives, achieving good coincidence of aligned edges.

To better fit the joints of thicker sheets (3 to 8 mm), the edges should be cut at a right angle. Leave a gap of 2 mm between the sheets. Material thickness of 8 mm is connected by double-sided welding. To join thicker planes, the edges are cut with a bevel.

How to start learning how to cook iron

Learning how to properly weld by electric welding, begins with the simplest processes.

• The prepared parts are fixed on a horizontal surface (on a welding table).
• Potholders fasten them around the edges and in the center.
• It is necessary to insert a new additive into the holder and attach the clamp from the mass to the part.
• At first, practice the correct tilt of the electrode (about 75 degrees) in the direction of the arc. At the same time, it is necessary to produce motions that, as it were, rake the molten metal into the junction.
• The end of the electrode should fall on the center of the seam. Due to the observance of the angle of incidence, the droplets are uniformly drained from the incandescent electrode and a welded seam is formed by an even qualitative roller .
• After cooling the workpiece, it is necessary to repel the slag from the surface of the part.

Time after time, as the experience is gained, the seams will be obtained more and more accurately and accurately.

How to make a vertical seam

How to cook a vertical seam with electric welding? The main thing is to start by following all the recommendations. Welding vertical seams is similar to working horizontally, just a little more complicated. Billets are caught in two or three places. Then the welding is carried only from the bottom up, sticking the drop by drop. Gradually, the entire gap is filled with hot metal. How to learn how to cook with electric welding? The task is to merge both edges, melting them with a welding arc, while simultaneously sending metal droplets from the hot tip of the electrode to the liquid state.

It is possible to weld a seam not with drops, but with a so-called "figure-eight", however, only an experienced specialist can cope with this. So, if it is interesting to know how to learn how to weld a vertical seam with electric welding, it is first recommended to look at the work of an experienced welder, listen to the advice of the masters. And only then independently start the process.

How to make a beautiful and strong corner seam

It is not so easy to make a so-called "T-joint" seam as it is easy to learn how to cook with electric welding. This seam is used if you want to fix the parts at different angles. The metal parts are installed so that the welding runs down to the very corner. Locked "boat" welded parts are caught from opposite sides. In addition, one edge of the workpiece rises slightly higher. The welding process should be started from the bottom edge. In this case, carefully following the instructions how to properly weld with electric welding, the quality of the welding seam can be markedly improved.

Which welding machine is best to use

1. Ancient welding machines having an adjustable magnetic gap, which allows to adjust the current strength, are transformer ones. There are many options and models that have rheostats and additional chokes on the primary or secondary sides of the transformers.
2. Inverter devices - more modern welding devices. Working from increased frequency, the transformer of such units has smaller dimensions and a small weight. In such devices, the welding modes can be adjusted smoothly. The tuning of the latter should be done carefully, otherwise the device can quickly fail.

Welding of pipes

In the absence of experience, learn how to cook a pipe with electric welding, preferably on thick metal. Depending on the wall thickness of the pipe, several passes are made. Multilayer welding improves the mechanical properties of the seam obtained, the connection becomes stronger.

First, weld the semicircle in one direction, then - in the second. In the method of conducting the seam "from the top down" use 4-mm electrodes, which have an organic spraying. With a short arc, leaning on the resulting "visor", consoles lead to small transverse oscillations.

When working on the "bottom-up" method, the speed is sharply reduced. Conducting transverse oscillations of the electrode is done in 3-5 mm.

When welding pipe structures, you must first prepare and spread out all the material on the welding table or bench. Then they are centered and tightened to obtain the necessary clearance for welding. The assembled joints are caught between them.

Pipes with small diameter are connected by continuous welding, with a large diameter - a discontinuous method. After the completion of all welding processes, the working surface of the metal is cleaned of scale, frozen sprays, slag. A follow-up inspection is carried out for the detection of cracks or burns, emerging craters or pores. In the presence of poorly welded seats, the seam restoration is carried out.

For your own safety, you need to work while welding in suede gloves and mittens, in a welder mask, in crocheted or dense leather shoes and in a cotton robe. A fire extinguisher or a container with water must be nearby.