How not to be mistaken in words with a soft sign in the middle of a word?

A soft sign is one of the letters of the Russian alphabet, which does not have its own sound. It can not be pronounced phonetically, but despite this, it is significant and plays a very important role.

History of a soft sign

At the stage of the birth of the great and mighty Russian language, our usual soft sign was used as a very short version of the letter and . Over time, the soft sign lost its purpose, but, like the letter and , continued to soften the standing consonant ahead.

In the Czernow Slavonic dialect the concept of using the letter b is almost the same as in the traditional Russian, with the exception of some details. First, in Church Slavonic, a soft sign, contrary to the rules and canons of the Russian language, is written after sizzling letters on the end of nouns. (Bucket, guard). Secondly, a soft sign in Church Slavonic was written at the end of any brief passive participles (see, hear).

In some cases it was permissible not to put a soft sign between the consonants where it should be. For example, instead of the word darkness, you could write a word, and so on.

Soft-sign functions

We all know that consonant sounds are soft and hard. Some consonants are always soft, and some are softened by other letters. For example, iotated vowels Soften the solid consonant in front of them. The soft sign performs exactly the same function as these vowels - softens the consonants that stand before it:

• Softens ahead consonant;
• Performs the function of division in words before the iotated vowels and vowel about in borrowed words;
• Does not carry a special phonetic load, but retains a grammatical form in some words (mouse, dry land, wilderness).

Words with a soft sign in the middle of the word

Let's look at a few special cases in which a soft sign can occur in the middle of a word.

A soft sign between two consonants

ки, бан ь ка, гол ь ф, пол ь ка, больница, угольный. Example: a horse, a bath, a goal, a cup, a hospital, a coal.

In this case, the soft sign simply softens the standing consonant in front. Rule: a soft sign in the middle of a word is not written between combinations of consonants , ny, nk, ch, chk.

A soft sign between the consonant and the iotated vowel (separative)

Example: trees, logs, pickles, training, monkey, bindweed, necklace.

In this case, the soft sign is softened by the standing consonant in front. The iotated vowel is decomposed into two sounds .

A soft sign can stand not only in front of iotated vowels.

Example: broth, champignon, canyon, medallion.

Most often this happens in foreign borrowed words.

How not to be mistaken with writing a soft sign in the middle and end of a word?

A soft sign, standing at the end of the word, is needed in order to soften the standing consonant in front.

Examples: coal, salt, moth, tulle, pain, daring, calm, scrap, teacher, password.

Sounds h, w, w can not be soft by the canons of the Russian language a priori, but a soft sign in some cases after them can be placed. He does not soften the standing consonant ahead, but is needed to preserve the grammatical form. Let's see, under what circumstances this can happen:

• Nouns of the feminine gender (rye, quiet, mouse).
• Verbs in all forms (drain, save, build, wash).
• In adverbs ending in h and w (backwards, completely) and one adverb on w (wide-open).

When you do not need to put a soft sign after sizzling:

• Nouns of the masculine gender (reeds, garage, guard).
• Brief adjectives (good, nice, fresh).
• Adverbs on Well except for wide open (nevterpezh, married, already).
• Nouns of the feminine gender in the plural of the genitive case (pears, clouds, heaps).

A bit about the transfer

How to transfer words with a soft sign in the middle of a word? This is worth considering separately. Words with a soft sign in the middle of the word often cause difficulties when you need to transfer the word to another line. And the texts make a lot of mistakes of this kind.

The transfer of words with a soft sign in the middle is carried out as follows: first you need to divide the word into the syllables, which you want to transfer. We remember that there are as many syllables in the word as vowels.

Step 1. Example: o-bez-ya-na.

It is important to remember that when transferring a word with a separating soft sign to another line, it is not possible to separate the soft sign from the ahead consonant - transfer must be carried out only with it.

Step 2. Example: monkey-yana (example of a correct transfer).

An important detail: if a soft sign is located at the end of a word, you can not transfer it to another line.

Wrong example: a mother-in-law, a lover, a bear.

The correct example is: beetroot, love, honey, after all.

When transferring, you can not leave one letter on the line. This rule applies not only to words with a soft sign in the middle of a word, but to any other one is relevant.

Exercises

A soft sign in the middle of the word. 1 class.

1. Emphasize those words in which a soft sign softens an in advance consonant:

Burian, elk, fire, trees, salt, monkey, stakes, flat, letter, sable, deer, strong, trill, medallion, fir, crane, horse, family, days, coats, caramel, judges, blood, love, nightingales, Troublemaker, a gimp, a court, a imposing one.

2. Enter a soft sign where it is needed:

Tish_, reeds_, hear_, garage_, spish_, rozh_, courage_, mirage_, pecch_, sech_, marry_, good_, beach_, guard_, guard_, uzh_, nastezh_, nevterpezh_, beach_, naotmash_, birch_, uvlech_, grach_, continuous_.

3. Perform a phonetic analysis of these words (words can be given to children by variants or to each child to give an individual word):

The curtain, backstage, expanse, sommelier, barrier.

Tsya and YAsya - how right?

Unfortunately, very many make a mistake in this seemingly elementary orthogram. How do you know what to write on the end of the verb?

You just need to ask the question to the verb. If the verb answers the question "what to do", a soft sign is placed. If the question "what does?" - a soft sign is not needed.

Example: get out (what to do?), Agree (what to do?); Flaunt (what to do?).

Removed (what does?), Negotiates (what does?), Flaunts (what does?).