Historical portrait of Ivan Kalita, Prince of Moscow

Ivan Danilovich was born around 1280, lived about 60 years, for which he excelled in the political arena, having gained great power and power at that time. For his wealth and constant help, the beggars received the nickname Kalita - "money bag".

The historical portrait of Ivan Kalita describes him as a far-sighted and ingenious politician, a bold warrior and a good master. It was he who laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Russian land, headed by the Moscow principality.

early years

Ivan I - the grandson of the famous Alexander Nevsky, the youngest son of Daniil Alexandrovich, Prince of Moscow. About his childhood and youth, nothing is known. The first mention of Ivan was made in the chronicle of Veliky Novgorod and refers to 1296, when the young prince became governor of the city at the behest of his father.

A couple of years his father appointed him to reign Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. About this period it is known only that in 1304 the Tver boyar Akinf attacked Pereyaslavl. Ivan defended the city, for the first time declaring himself as a glorious commander. After the victory, confidence in him has grown significantly.

After the death of his father in 1303, the eldest son Yury Danilovich, who ruled until 1325, sat on the Moscow throne. Creating a historical portrait of Ivan Kalita, one can not help remembering that during his brother's years he was his faithful companion, he never betrayed or intrigued against him. Yuri completely trusted Ivan, calmly left him a sourer for the time of his absence. Such relations were an exception for those times when to power came through fratricide and bloodshed.

Historical portrait of Ivan Kalita as Prince of Moscow

Yuri made a fatal mistake when, in 1321, collecting tribute from the lands of Russians, instead of taking her to the Golden Horde khan, he put into circulation, wanting to get additional profit. The Uzbek Khan was informed about this, he became very angry and deprived the violator of the right of the board. In 1325, Yuri went to the horde with a request to return him a label on the board, but was hacked. The Uzbek Khan appointed Prince Ivan Danilovich of Moscow.

Being more than 20 years old Yuri Danilovich's right hand, Ivan I was aware of all the affairs of the principality. He began his reign with an unexpected move-he transferred the department of Metropolitan Peter to Moscow , making Moscow one of the spiritual centers of Rus. After the prince quickly and tootoku dealt with the robbers, who constantly attacked the merchants. Safe trade routes immediately revived the market. Money flowed into Moscow. This depicts the historical portrait of Ivan Kalita as a very smart politician.

In 1327, an uprising took place in Tver, as a result of which the Horde ambassador Chol Khan was killed. The angry Uzbek Khan suppressed the uprising, in which Ivan Kalita helped him. In gratitude for devotion, the Khan gave him a label for the reign of Kostroma and Novgorod. Ivan, taking advantage of the location of the Uzbek, asked him to permit himself to collect tribute from the lands of the Russians and bring her to the horde. Khan agreed, and since then the Tatars no longer appeared within the confines of Kalita. The prince for 40 years ensured the peace of his lands.

So, in the shortest possible time Prince Ivan Kalita made Muscovy the spiritual center of Rus, ensured material prosperity and security.

Chronology of activity

The historical portrait of Ivan Kalita will help create the horology of his life:

• 1331 - married Simeon's son to the Lithuanian princess, thus making a fragile peace with Lithuania;
• 1336 - repulsed the attack of the Lithuanian Prince Gedimin on the Novgorod lands, received the title of Prince of Novgorod;
• 1338 - the beginning of the construction of the Trinity Monastery;
• 1340 - raid on Smolensk, which refused to pay tribute to the horde, an oak Kremlin was built to protect Moscow.

Land and cultural policy

Ivan Kalita, whose reign was marked by the consolidation of Muscovy's positions, added through the marriages of his daughters Beloozero, Galich and Uglich, bought or exchanged more than 50 neighboring villages and settlements near Kostroma, Rostov and Vladimir, along the banks of Kirzhach and Msta rivers , in Novgorod land, Everywhere their governors. The authority of Prince Moskovskiy has increased enormously. But he never showed this before the Horde khan, keeping the peace and peace of the Russian lands.

During the reign of Ivan Kalita, churches and cathedrals were built. He first issued a law on succession to the throne, according to which authority from his father passed to his eldest son. This contributed to the elimination of pernicious internecine wars.