Hierarchical structure of organization management: features, principles, types

Any modern organization, be it a commercial firm, an industrial enterprise or a budgetary institution, in order to achieve its goals, must have an understandable and clear management structure. If we proceed from the definition, then the management system of the organization is a set of interrelated and interdependent units and individual individuals that replace certain posts that are not only in the "boss-subordinate" position but also directly influence the Development of this organization.

The management system of the organization is not created at once, it is a fairly long process, which includes the following main stages:

1. At the first stage, the core determines which management structure will be created: a hierarchical structure, a functional structure, or a direct subordination.
2. The second stage includes the creation and empowerment of the main structural components, such as the direct management apparatus, programs, units.
3. Finally, at the third stage, there is a final redistribution of powers, duties and responsibilities. At the same time, it is desirable to consolidate all these powers in the form of provisions on certain subdivisions and job descriptions.

Although many types of management structures are known to date, one of the most popular is the hierarchical management structure. It was theoretically justified and experimentally tested in the early twentieth century by the American sociologist F. Taylor. In the future, most scientists were mainly concerned with finding more and more strengths of this system.

The hierarchical control system is based on the following principles:

1. The entire control system is a pyramid, each lower level of which is subordinate to and supervised by the superior.
2. A hierarchical structure implies a clear separation of powers between levels. At the same time, the higher level has a higher responsibility than the lower one.
3. Labor in any organization that is managed in accordance with the hierarchical principle, should be clearly divided between its employees, who specialize only in the performance of their functions.
4. Any activity in an institution with a hierarchical management structure should be standardized and formalized. This will ensure better coordination of employees' activities, and their level of manageability will improve.
5. Hiring for work should be carried out only in accordance with the qualification requirements for the employee. Moreover, in addition to professional qualities, it is necessary to pay attention to how well we manage this employee and how much he is ready for the role of manager.

Hierarchical structure implies that all employees of the organization can be ranked among one of three main groups - managers, specialists and performers. At the same time, since all organizations in their management type are very similar to each other, managers can take advantage of the experience of their colleagues to make their management structure more optimal.

The main types of hierarchical management structures should be considered a linear structure where all the main threads are concentrated in the hands of the chief, functional when each division of the organization is engaged in the performance of a certain function, as well as a mixed type of management where along with the linear apparatus there is a ramified hierarchy of various functional groups.