General urine analysis. How to collect and interpret the result?

Urinalysis is one of the studies that help diagnose a person's condition. As a rule, it is aimed at identifying abnormalities in the work of the kidneys and the genitourinary system. Investigation of physical properties, chemical, microscopy of the remainder - all this includes a general urine analysis. How to assemble it correctly? Consider all the nuances.

General urine analysis. How to collect?

The correctness of the collection of material directly affects the result. There are often cases when it is very difficult to diagnose a disease due to the fact that the result of the analysis is distorted by flaws when it is collected. To prevent this, it is necessary to adhere to a number of simple rules:

1. A general clinical analysis of urine involves collecting only the morning portion of urine, which should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible.
2. Collect the material in a sterile container with a tightly screwed lid. Optimum - sterile plastic container, which is sold in a pharmacy. It will also be superfluous to sign the date of surrender and the patient's name on the container.
3. Before collecting urine, you should wash your genitals, women cover the entrance to the vagina with a cotton disc so that the discharge does not get into the container with the material.
4. The first few drops of urine do not need to be collected.
5. Women several days before, during, and a few days after menstruation, taking the test is not recommended to avoid getting vaginal discharge.

General analysis of urine. How to collect from infants?

It is not uncommon for parents of babies to collect urinalysis - a whole problem. With boys, the situation is relatively simple - you just need to wait and put the jar in time. For girls it is necessary to go to a number of tweaks. So, for example, it is possible to put an underlaid circle under the child, having established in a deepening a capacity. After a while the baby will certainly go to the toilet, and urine will gather in a jar. In addition, you can use special children's urinals, which are easy to buy at the pharmacy. With the use of such funds, the parents of the baby can easily pass the analysis. And its results will not be distorted, which would inevitably occur when getting urine by twisting the diapers or by any other method.

The norm of indicators of the general analysis of urine

Let's consider the main indicators:

• Color - from amber to straw-yellow.
• Transparency. Normal is clear urine.
• The relative density is 1008-1025 g / l. The indicator characterizes the concentration in urine of soluble substances (salts, urea, electrolytes).
• PH urine is 5.0-7.0. It can vary depending on the diet, exercise.
• Protein in urine is one of the main diagnostic indicators. The norm is its absence or concentration up to 0.1 g / l.
• Bilirubin in the urine is absent in the normal state.
• Leukocytes - up to 5 in the field of view.
• Erythrocytes - single cells can be present in the sediment.
• Bacteria - normally absent or present in a small amount.

It should be noted that the above indicators are average values, while specific norms vary depending on the sex and age of the person. In addition, for pregnant women, a general urinalysis, how to collect which we reviewed earlier, has special interpretations. Thus, a full interpretation of the results of the study, taking into account the age, the clinical state of a person, can only be given by a competent specialist.