Forms of property and their classification

Many authors studying forms of ownership (including land ownership forms) are faced with the fact that there is no uniform classification system for this term. Each author proposes his classification, which seems to him the most correct. To begin with, we consider the forms of ownership, depending on the subject of ownership, i.e. Depending on the ownership of the property to a specific subject.

Individual property implies the individual's complete right to dispose of his property. The owner clearly knows and understands what belongs specifically to him. This form of ownership, in turn, is divided into personal and private. Personal property, as a rule, assumes that the owner uses and consumes the property himself or gives other people to use it for free. Hence it follows that private property is those objects of ownership that are provided for use by other persons for a certain fee. Economic is precisely the category of private property, since it exerts an effective influence on the efficiency of the economy.

Collective property does not belong to a particular individual, but to a group, community, or collective. Most often, such a collective is a legal entity (company, enterprise), a public organization or a government body.

Public property is a property that belongs to everyone and everyone on an equal footing. With regard to this form of ownership is almost impossible, and it is not necessary, to specify the owner. Public property is natural wealth that is not involved in social production: water, air, flora, fauna, etc.

But that property that is involved in social production, refers to the state. It can be information, working capital, etc., it is property that, under the will of the people, under certain conditions, has been transferred to the disposal of state bodies. Regional state property is what belongs to the subjects of the federation. Communal and municipal property is transferred to the disposal of local governments. General forms of ownership assume the use of certain property, values, etc. A group of people in compliance with the general rules established by law.

This classification differs from that which is widely known and prescribed in Russian legislation. According to the latter, the forms of ownership in Russia are the following: private, municipal, state and other forms.

Private property is treated as any property that citizens and legal entities freely dispose of and use for any activity they need. Free disposal is limited, in addition to the interests of the owner, only by the general framework of laws and market conditions. State property includes the country's resources and various objects that have state or defense significance. All municipal and rural settlements, districts and districts are in municipal ownership. Other forms of ownership: the ownership of religious organizations, the ownership of foreign states on Russian territory, etc.

Forms of sociality on land are identical to common forms of ownership. Allocate state, municipal and private property. State ownership of land, in turn, is divided into property of the Russian Federation (federal property) and property of the subjects of the Russian Federation.