Formation of the Slavic states: terms, conditions and reasons. The First Slavic States

Slavic peoples came to the territory of the Black Sea region in the third millennium BC. Very quickly they settled the vast land. Where did they come from, who were our ancestors? When did the first Slav states appear? We will deal with these issues.

Prehistory

After the Slavic peoples settled in their own territories and began to form states in the first millennium BC, little was known about them. Historians and research scientists, based on a lot of evidence, believe that our ancestors have mastered a large enough land, including the Balkans and Eastern Europe.

Official records of the tribes, transformed into the first Slavic states, are considered records from the seventh century after the birth of Christ. These large-scale formations were recalled in connection with the fact that other nations appeared in the nearby territories and tried to dislodge them.

Formation of Slavic states: a table of theories of origin

Although many scientists have developed this issue, their opinions are largely similar. There are only three theories that describe how the first East Slavic states arose. Let's consider them in more detail, and also we learn who most actively supported and developed these doctrines:

The

Let us get acquainted with the most typical doctrine. As many as 80% of modern historians agree that the formation of Slavic states began with the state itself. It was a great alliance of several tribes. Created in order to be able to jointly defend themselves against all kinds of enemies who claimed to be fertile land. The union had another function, less harmless. Tribes, which were called the State itself, planned general raids on scattered settlements.

In its composition were the tribes that lived in the territory of modern:

• Morals,

• Serbs,

• Czechs,

• Slovaks,

• Croats.

The center of this association was a city called Vyšehrad. He was standing on the river Morava. The name of this proto-state was received on behalf of the leader. Itself managed to unite under its command once sporadic tribes.

The leader ruled for thirty years, from 623 years and up to 658. He managed to achieve great results. To combine in one state quite different tribes. But it turned out that the whole power itself was bound only by the charisma of the leader himself. At the moment when the leader died, and it ceased to exist.

The Bulgarian Kingdom

The formation of Slavic states is a rather long process. There were stops, gaps, returns to the original state. After the State itself collapsed in 658, there was a long lull. It was interrupted in 681, when it was first mentioned about the Bulgarian kingdom.

Like the previous education, it was a kind of union in which the militant tribes united. Such an alliance was beneficial to them for seizing new territories. The Bulgarian kingdom included the tribes of the Slavs and Turks. From a similar symbiosis, in the tenth century a nationality of the Bulgarians emerged.

For the 8th-9th centuries, the highest development of the Kingdom falls. Then the Slavs become the dominant ethnic group in these territories. Culture, literature, architecture is developing. The Bulgarian kingdom conducts active military operations against Byzantium.

The emergence of Slavic states for it was very unprofitable. The Byzantine Empire flourished and advanced its possessions deeper into the mainland, but suddenly came across a stiff resistance.

In the heyday of the Kingdom, Simeon was its ruler. He managed to reconquer the territories to the Black Sea and create a capital in Preslav.

After the king was no more, the subjects began to fight within the state. Everyone wanted to grab a better territory for his tribe and more.

In 1014, the Bulgarian kingdom came to an end. Weakened by internal battles, it easily won the army of the Byzantine emperor. Basil II, having won, blinded 15,000 soldiers. In 1021, the capital of the Bulgarian Kingdom of Srem was captured. Then the state did not become.

Moravia

The next in the time frame in which the formation of the Slavic states took place was Great Moravia. The state arose as an attempt to defend itself against the enemy attacks of the Germanic tribes in the ninth century. At the same time, violent feudalization began to occur in Europe. Many small farmers tried to escape to Moravia and, together with the local population, to organize worthy resistance to the knightly nobility. Once dispersed, the tribes entered into an alliance.

During Svyatopolk, the state included Pannonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lesser Poland. Like the previous Slavic powers, Moravia did not have a central administration. Most of the territories that belonged to the union remained with their leader or tsar. The capital city was Velehrad.

In 863 the first Christians arrived in Moravia together with Cyril and Methodius. They had a strong influence on the writing in this state and on all Slavic associations.

Moravia flourished during the life and reign of Svyatopolk. When the lord died, the state came to an end with him. This feature is inherent in all ancient formations of the Slavs. The former Moravian territories were attacked by the Magyars, and after them - nomads. Slovakia separated to Hungary, and the Czech Republic began an independent existence.

Kievan Rus

The formation of the Slavic states took place in several periods. Kievan Rus was the most powerful of the pre-Christian countries. It included the Eastern Slavs. They united in a separate state in the 8th-9th century. The center of Kievan Rus was in the city of Kiev. The detailed history of the creation of the state was described by the chronicler Nestor in The Tale of Bygone Years.

The country experienced the arrival of Christianity, the disintegration of the Byzantine Empire, the raids of nomadic peoples, including the Mongols led by Genghis Khan. In 1054, it included all the tribes of the Eastern Slavs. Kievan Rus was dissolved in 1132.

Formation of Slavic states: table of the settlement of the Slavs

According to the territories occupied by them, the Slavs were divided into western, eastern and southern. Of these, later were formed separate ethnic groups, with their own language, culture, traditions. Slavic states emerged as an association of small tribes, which eventually split into:

As you can see, the Slavic peoples for more than a thousand years went to create their own, independent states. This way was thorny, many times could be interrupted, nevertheless this did not happen. Now our ancestors could be proud of us, because the modern powers have finally achieved independence and recognition from their neighbors.