Sons of Genghis Khan. Khan Baty is the son of Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan was the founder and great khan of the Mongolian empire. He united disparate tribes, organized aggressive campaigns in Central Asia, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and China. The proper name of the ruler is Temujin. After his death, the sons of Genghis Khan became heirs. They greatly expanded the territory of the ulus. Even greater contribution to the territorial structure was made by the grandson of the emperor - Batu - the owner of the Golden Horde.

The personality of the ruler

All sources, which can be characterized Genghis Khan, were created after his death. Of particular importance among them is the "Secret Tale". In these sources there is a description and appearance of the ruler. He was tall, with a strong physique, a broad forehead and a long beard. In addition, it describes the features of his character. Genghis Khan came from a people who probably did not have written language and state institutions. Therefore, the Mongol ruler did not have any education. However, this did not prevent him from becoming a talented military leader. Organizing abilities were combined in it with self-control and unyielding will. Genghis Khan was friendly and generous to the degree that was necessary to preserve the affection of his companions. He did not deny himself joy, but at the same time he did not recognize excesses that could not be combined with his activities as a commander and ruler. According to sources, Genghis Khan lived to his old age, retaining his mental abilities to the full.

Heirs

During the last years of his life the ruler was very worried about the fate of his empire. Only some of the sons of Genghis Khan had the right to take his place. The ruler had many children, they were all considered legitimate. But only four sons from Borte's wife could become heirs. These children were very different from each other both in character traits and in addictions. The eldest son of Genghis Khan was born shortly after Borta returned from Merkit captivity. His shadow always haunted the boy. Evil tongues and even the second son of Genghis Khan, whose name will later become firmly in the history of the Mongol Empire, openly called him "Merkite geek." Mother always protected the child. In this case, Genghis Khan himself always recognized him as his son. Nevertheless, the boy was always reproached for illegitimacy. Once Chagatai (the son of Genghis Khan, the second heir) openly called his brother in the presence of his father. The conflict almost turned into a real fight.

Juchi

The son of Genghis Khan, born after the Merkit captivity, had some peculiarities. They, in particular, manifested in his behavior. Stable stereotypes, which were observed in him, strongly distinguished him from his father. For example, Genghis Khan did not recognize such a notion as mercy for enemies. He could only save the young children who were subsequently adopted by Oelun (his mother), as well as valiant buguurs who took Mongolian citizenship. Juchi, on the contrary, was distinguished by kindness and humanity. For example, during the siege of Gurganj, the Khorezmians, who were absolutely exhausted by the war, asked to accept their capitulation, spare them, and save them. Juchi spoke in their support, but Genghis Khan categorically rejected this proposal. As a result, the garrison of the siege city was partially cut out, and it itself was flooded with the waters of the Amu Darya.

Tragic death

Misunderstanding, which was established between the son and father, was constantly fueled by the intrigues and intrigues of relatives. Over time, the conflict deepened and led to the emergence of a strong distrust of the ruler to his first heir. Genghis Khan began to suspect that Jochi wanted to become popular among the conquered tribes in order to subsequently separate from Mongolia. Historians doubt that the heir really sought this. Nevertheless, at the beginning of 1227, Juchi with a broken spine was found dead in the steppe, where he hunted. Of course, his father was not the only person who benefited from the death of the heir and who had the opportunity to break his life.

The second son of Genghis Khan

The name of this heir was known in circles close to the Mongol throne. Unlike the deceased brother, he was characterized by rigor, diligence and even a certain cruelty. These features also contributed to the fact that Chagatai was appointed "keeper of the Yasa". This post is similar to the post of the supreme judge or the attorney general. Chagatai always followed the law without fail, he was merciless towards violators.

Third heir

Few know how the son of Genghis Khan, who was the next candidate for the throne, was called. They were Ogedei. The first and third sons of Genghis Khan were similar in character. Ogedei also had a tolerance and kindness towards people. However, its peculiarity was the passion for hunting in the steppe and drinking with friends. Once, on a joint trip, Chagatai and Ugadei saw a Muslim who was washing in the water. According to the religious tradition, every believer must several times during the day perform namaz, as well as ritual ablution. But these actions were prohibited by Mongolian custom. The tradition did not allow ablutions anywhere in the whole summer. The Mongols believed that washing in a lake or river causes a thunderstorm, which is very dangerous for travelers in the steppe. Therefore, such actions were seen as a threat to their lives. Druzhinniki (Nuhurs) merciless and law-abiding Chaghatay grabbed a Muslim. Ogedei, assuming that the offender is losing his head, sent his man to him. The messenger had to tell the Muslim that he had allegedly dropped the gold into the water and was looking for him there (to stay alive). The perpetrator responded to Chagatai. This was followed by an order to the Nuhurs to find a coin in the water. Druzhinik Ogedei threw gold into the water. The coin was found and returned to the Muslim as a "legitimate" owner. Ogadei, saying goodbye to the rescued, took out a handful of gold from his pocket and handed them to the man. At the same time, he warned the Muslim that when the next time he dropped a coin into the water, he did not seek it, did not violate the law.

The fourth successor

The younger son of Genghis Khan, as the Chinese sources testify, was born in 1193. At this time, his father was in Jurchen prison. He stayed there until 1197. This time Bote's betrayal was obvious. However, Genghis Khan recognized his son Tuluy. At the same time, the child had a Mongol appearance. All the sons of Genghis Khan had their own peculiarities. But Tuluy was awarded by nature the greatest talents. He was distinguished by the highest moral dignity, possessed outstanding abilities of the organizer and commander. Tuluy is known as a loving husband and a noble man. He married the daughter of the deceased Wang-khan (the head of the Kerait). She, in turn, was a Christian. Tuluy could not accept his wife's religion. As Chinggisid, he must confess the faith of his ancestors - bon. To his wife, Tului not only allowed all the proper Christian rites to be sent in the "church" yurt, but also to receive monks, and to have priests with him. The death of the fourth heir of Genghis Khan without any exaggeration can be called heroic. To save the ill Ogedei, Tuluy voluntarily accepted a strong shaman potion. So, removing the disease from his brother, he sought to attract her to himself.

Board of heirs

All the sons of Genghis Khan had the right to rule the empire. After the removal of the elder brother of the successors, there are three. After the death of his father until the election of a new khan, Tuluy ruled the ulus. In 1229 the kurultai took place. Here, according to the will of the emperor, a new ruler was chosen. They became a tolerant and soft Ogedei. This heir, as was said above, was very kind. However, this quality is not always beneficial to the ruler. During the years of his khanate, the leadership of the ulus was very weak. Administration was carried out mainly due to the rigor of Chagatai and thanks to Tuluy's diplomatic abilities. Ogadei, instead of state affairs, preferred to roam in Western Mongolia, hunting and feasting.

Grandchildren

They received various ulus areas or significant posts. The eldest son of Juchi - Orda-Ichan, went to the White Horde. This area was located between the ridge Tarbagatai and Irtysh (today's Semipalatinsk region). Batu was next. The son of Genghis Khan left him a legacy of the Golden Horde. Sheibani (the third successor) relied on the Blue Horde. The rulers of the uluses also allocated 1-2 thousand soldiers. At the same time, the strength of the Mongolian army reached 130,000.

Batu

According to Russian sources, he is known as Batu Khan. The son of Genghis Khan, who died in 1227, three years earlier, took possession of the Kipchak steppe, part of the Caucasus, Russia and the Crimea, and Khorezm. The heir to the ruler died, owning only Khorezm and the Asian part of the steppe. In the 1236-1243-ies. A general Mongolian campaign to the West took place. It was headed by Batu. The son of Genghis Khan gave his heir some character traits. In the sources is the nickname Sain Khan. According to one version, it means "good-natured". This nickname was possessed by King Batu. The son of Genghis Khan died, as was said above, owning only a small part of his inheritance. As a result of the march in the 1236-1243-ies, Mongolia withdrew: the western part in the Polovtsian steppe, the North Caucasian and Volga peoples, and also the Volga Bulgaria. Several times under the leadership of Batu, the troops attacked Russia. In their campaigns, the army of the Mongols reached Central Europe. Friedrich II, then the Emperor of Rome, tried to organize resistance. When Batu began to demand obedience, he replied that he could be a falconer with the khan. Clashes, however, did not take place between the troops. Some time later Batyi settled in Saray-Batu, on the banks of the Volga. He did not make any more trips to the West.

Strengthening of the area

In 1243, Batu found out about Ogedei's death. His army retreated to the Lower Volga. Here the new center of the ulus of Juchi was founded. Kagan on the kurultai of 1246 was elected Guyuk (one of the heirs of Ogedei). He was a longtime enemy of Batu. In 1248, Gyuk died, and in 1251 the fourth ruler elected loyal Munke, participant of the European campaign from 1246 to 1243. To support the new Khan Baty sent Berke (his brother) with the army.

Relations with the princes of Russia

In 1243-1246 years. All Russian rulers took dependence on the Mongolian Empire and the Golden Horde. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Vladimir prince) was recognized as the oldest in Russia. He got ruined in 1240 by the Mongols of Kiev. In 1246, Batu sent Yaroslav to the kurultai in Karakorum as an authorized representative. There the Russian prince was poisoned by Guyuk's supporters. Mikhail Chernigovsky was killed in the Golden Horde for refusing to go to the yurt of the khan between two fires. The Mongols regarded this as a malicious intent. Alexander Nevsky and Andrei - the sons of Yaroslav - also went to the Horde. Arriving from there to Karakorum, the first was Novgorod and Kiev, and the second - Vladimir Princedom. Andrew, seeking to resist the Mongols, concluded an alliance with the strongest at that time the prince in Southern Russia - Galicia. This was the reason for the punitive march of the Mongols in 1252. The army of the Horde led by Nevryu won Yaroslav and Andrew. Batu gave the label to Vladimir Alexandra. Daniel Galitsky built his relations with Batu in a somewhat different way. He drove the Horde baskaks from their cities. In 1254, he defeated the army headed by Kuremsoy.

Karakorum affairs

After the election of Guyuk in 1246 as a great khan, there was a split between the descendants of Chagatai and Ogedei and the heirs of the two remaining sons of Genghis Khan. Guyuk went on a campaign against Batu. However, in 1248, at a time when his army was stationed in Maverannahr, he suddenly died. According to one version, he was poisoned by supporters of Munke and Batu. The first later became the new ruler of the Mongolian ulus. In 1251, Batu sent an army led by Burundai to Ortar to help Munch.

Descendants

Batu's successors were Sartak, Tukan, Ulagchi and Abukan. The first was an adherent of the Christian religion. The daughter of Sartak married Gleb Vasilkovich, and the daughter of the grandson of Batu became the wife of St. Fyodor the Black. In these two marriages, the Belozersky and Yaroslavl princes were born (respectively).