FHD analysis - what is it? Indicators and norm

Often doctors prescribe to their patients to undergo FVD examination. What it is? What results are considered normal? What diseases and disorders can be diagnosed with this method? These questions are of interest to many.

FVD - what is it?

FVD is an abbreviation, which stands for "external respiration function". Such a study makes it possible to evaluate the work of the respiratory system. For example, with his help the doctor determines how much air enters the lungs of the patient and which one goes out. In addition, during the test, it is possible to analyze the change in air flow velocity in different parts of the respiratory system. Thus, the study helps evaluate the ventilating capacity of the lungs.

The importance of FVD for modern medicine

In fact, the value of this study can not be overestimated. Naturally, it is used to diagnose various respiratory system disorders. But the range of application of the method is much broader. For example, spirometry is a mandatory, regular test for people working in hazardous conditions. In addition, the results of this analysis are used to assess the performance of a person, determine its suitability for work in certain environmental conditions.

The study is used for dynamic observation, as it makes it possible to assess the rate of development of a disease, as well as the results of therapy. In some cases, FVD analysis is used to diagnose allergic diseases, because it allows one to trace the effect of a substance on the respiratory tract. In some cases, mass spirometry of the population is conducted to determine the health status of residents of certain geographical or ecological zones.

Indications for analysis

So, the study recommends patients with suspected bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis or any other chronic disease of the bronchopulmonary system. Indications for the analysis are also chronic cough, frequent attacks of dyspnea. In addition, the study is used to diagnose pulmonary vascular lesions, including pulmonary arterial thrombosis, pulmonary hypertension, etc. FVD results are important for the correct treatment of certain thoraco-diaphragmatic disorders, including obesity accompanied by alveolar hypoventilation, as well as pleural moorings, various disorders Posture and curvature of the spine, neuromuscular paralysis. In some cases, the analysis is administered to patients in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen therapy regimen.

How to properly prepare for the study

In order to obtain the most accurate results, it is necessary to follow certain recommendations before conducting the HPF. What are these training rules? In fact, everything is simple - you need to create conditions for maximum free breathing. Spirometry, as a rule, is carried out on an empty stomach. If the study is scheduled for afternoon or evening time, then you can take light food, but not later than two hours before the test. In addition, you can not smoke 4-6 hours before the survey. The same applies to physical exertion - at least one day before the FVD the doctor recommends limiting physical activity, canceling training or morning jogging, etc. The results of the study may affect and some medications. Therefore, on the day of the procedure, it is impossible to take medications that can influence the resistance of the respiratory tract, including drugs from a group of nonselective beta-blockers and bronchodilators. In any case, be sure to tell your doctor about the drugs that you are taking.

Description of the procedure

The survey takes no more than an hour. To begin with, the doctor carefully measures the height and weight of the patient. After this, the person being examined is put on the nose with a special clamp - in this way, he can breathe only with his mouth. In the mouth, the patient holds a special mouthpiece through which he breathes - he is connected to a special sensor that records all the indicators. First, the doctor follows the normal breathing cycle. After this, the patient needs to perform a certain breathing maneuver - first take the deepest inhalation, then try to exhale the maximum volume of air. Such a scheme must be repeated several times.

Approximately after 15-20 minutes the specialist can already give you the results of the FVD. The norm here depends on many factors, including sex. For example, the total lung capacity in men is an average of 6.4 liters, and in women - 4.9 liters. In any case, the results of the analysis will need to be shown to the doctor, since only he knows how to correctly interpret the HPV. Decoding will be of great importance for the development of a further treatment regimen.

Additional research

In the event that the classical scheme of spirometry showed the presence of certain deviations, some additional types of FVD may be performed. What are these tests? For example, if a patient has signs of some obstructive ventilation disorders, he is given a special preparation from the group of bronchodilators before the examination.

"FVD with bronchodilator - what is it?" - you ask. It's simple: this medicine helps to expand the airways, after which the analysis is performed again. This procedure makes it possible to assess the degree of reversibility of the detected violations. In some cases, the diffusion capacity of the lungs is also investigated - this analysis gives a fairly accurate estimate of the performance of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Sometimes doctors also determine the strength of the respiratory muscles or the so-called lightness of the lungs.

Contraindications to the HPP

Of course, this study has a number of contraindications, since not all patients can pass it without harming their own health. After all, during various breathing maneuvers, the tension of the respiratory muscles is observed, an increased load on the osteo-ligamentous apparatus of the thorax, as well as an increase in intracranial, intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure.

Spirometry is contraindicated in patients who have previously undergone surgical intervention, including ophthalmic surgeries, in such cases it is necessary to wait at least six weeks. Contraindications also include myocardial infarction, stroke, exfoliating aneurysm and some other diseases of the circulatory system. The analysis is not carried out to assess the performance of the respiratory system in children of younger preschool age and older people (over 75 years). Patients with epilepsy, hearing impairment and mental disorders are also not appointed.

Are there any side effects?

Many patients are interested in whether some kind of disturbance can lead to an analysis of HPV. What are these adverse reactions? How dangerous is the procedure? In fact, the study, subject to compliance with all established rules, is practically safe for the patient. Because to obtain accurate results a person during the procedure should repeatedly repeat breathing maneuvers with forced expiration, there may be slight weakness and dizziness. Do not be scared, because these side reactions disappear by themselves after a few minutes. Some undesirable phenomena may appear during the analysis of HPP with a sample. What are these symptoms? Bronchodilators can cause a slight tremor in the limbs, and sometimes a heart palpitations. But, again, these disorders go away on their own immediately after the procedure is completed.