Extrapyramidal disorders: treatment of impaired motor activity

Extrapyramidal disorders are associated with changes in muscle tone, impaired motor activity, the appearance of hyperkinesis or hypokinesia (twitching or immobility), as well as their combinations.

Symptoms of the disease are manifested in lesions of brain structures, visual tuber, basal ganglion, sub-abdominal region, inner capsule.

Extrapyramidal disorders are based on disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism, the balance between cholinergic and dopaminergic mediators, including the interrelationships of the pyramidal system. Discoordination of movements is the result of these violations.

Extrapyramidal system involved in the regulation of the tone, postures, changes in muscle activity, it provides accuracy, speed, smoothness of movements. Interacting with the cerebral cortex and the limbic system, it provides higher nervous activity and is responsible for the emotional sphere.

Extrapyramidal disorders, hypokinesia, are manifested as a result of the defeat of the frontal lobes, the black substance and the reticular formation. Hyperkinesis is caused by disorders of the cerebellal-thalamic pathway and thalamus, striatal, red nucleus and represent excessive, violent and involuntary movements.

Extrapyramidal disorders include athetosis, chorea, torsion spasm.

The manifestation of atherosis occurring in the fingers is their wormlike, wriggling, slow movements. In the muscles of the face - there is a curvature of the mouth, twitching of the tongue and lips. Muscle tension is replaced by relaxation and decreased tone. These disorders occur in the birth, craniocerebral trauma, epidemic encephalitis, syphilis, atherosclerosis.

Chorea and other vegetative disorders are characterized by rapid violent movements of limbs and trunk, face and neck, which are inconsistent and irregular in color, appearing against the background of a decrease in muscle tone.

Dystonia of the muscles of the trunk, or torsion spasm, can occur at any age. Rotary, corkscrew-like, hyperbolical hyperbines appear in the muscles of the trunk and neck when walking. Deviations begin with the neck muscles. The person makes lateral obtrusive turns of the head. These movements can be isolated, without affecting other muscle groups. The disease manifests itself as a spasm of writing. As a result of deviations during the writing, the fingers enter the hypertension state, I start to strain, as a result, small movements become impossible, the patient does not unclench the brush. At some points in the case of muscle spasm, a person can, as it were, freeze in one pose. Torsional spasm and other dysuric disorders develop with degenerative hereditary diseases, encephalitis. To treat abnormalities appoint muscle relaxants: baclofen, midokalm, vitamins B, sedatives.

Extrapyramidal disorders include a variety of tics, convulsive repetitive twitching of certain muscle groups, more often the eyelids, neck, face. Symptoms are manifested in the form of repeated head tilts, winks, wrinkling of the forehead, twitching of the shoulder or neck. Reinforcement occurs with stress or nerve tension. For treatment, muscle relaxants and sedatives are used: valerian tablets, novopassit, dormiplant, afobazol, midokalm, pantokaltsin, vitamins B6 and reflexotherapy.

Myoclonia also refers to disorders of the nervous system. Symptoms of the disease manifest in the form of short, rapid twitchings, sometimes lightning fast in some muscle groups. These extrapyramidal disorders occur with encephalitis and kozhevnikovskaya epilepsy.