Export to Turkey from Russia: features, rules and list. Export of goods from Turkey to Russia

2015 was a turning point in the foreign economic relations between Russia and Turkey. The impetus to the development of the conflict was the violation of the Turkish airspace by the Russian Su-24, which participated in the antiterrorist company in Syria and was subsequently shot down by the military. The result of such actions of the official Ankara was the introduction of Moscow sanctions against certain types of goods and services exported from Turkey.

Normally, sanctions against Ankara were introduced in November 2015 on the basis of the Decree of the President of Russia. A more detailed plan to limit the supply of goods from Turkey to the Russian Federation was developed by the Government in the relevant resolution.

What restrictions did Russia impose on exporting goods from Turkey

Restrictions on exports from the Republic of Turkey to the Russian Federation mainly affected crop products. This includes tomatoes, grapes, mandarins, oranges, cucumbers, cabbage, onions, apricots, peaches, plums, strawberries, strawberries. In addition, the import of salt, carnations (flowers), carcasses of turkeys, chicken and offal products from them, chewing gum is not allowed.

In 2015, a huge number of food products that are banned from import to Russia, was disposed of. Such a step, according to many, is wrong. While some categories of citizens are below the poverty line, chicken, citrus, sweets brought from Turkey are simply destroyed.

Restrictions in the fish industry

The expected measures that could be used to put pressure on the Turkish economy at the end of 2015 were possible restrictions on the export of fish from the Republic of Turkey. According to experts, sanctions could only affect the premium segment of fish products, which does not affect the general consumer basket.

The main types of seafood exported from Turkey are seabass and dorado, the sphere of use of which in Russia is limited to restaurants. This is a very small segment of the market, in connection with which the losses of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Turkey will be minimal.

At present, Turkey does not suspend fishing exports to Russia, but develops trade relations in this area.

Response steps of the Republic of Turkey

Given that the restrictions imposed by the Russian Federation on the export of products had a significant impact on the volume of Turkey's exports to Russia, it is fair to expect Ankara's retaliatory steps towards domestic goods. After all, foreign economic relations of these countries were built on mutually beneficial export-import relations.

To date, Turkey has not introduced retaliatory sanctions against the Russian Federation. Such position of Ankara speaks about possible normalization of mutual relations of two states.

Export of goods from Turkey to Russia

In what proportions were the exports of Turkish goods to the Russian market carried out in 2015? Export from Turkey to Russia (list of goods) will be given below:

• The lion's share of exports of Turkish goods is food products and agricultural raw materials - more than 30% of the total volume of Turkish exports to Russia (citrus fruits, nuts, tomatoes, sunflower seeds).
• The fourth part of the export of Turkish products is made up of motor vehicles (vehicles and components).
• About 20% of exports are textiles (clothing, footwear).
• The share of chemical products in the export structure is 12% (plastic products, soap and detergents).
• Metal products are exported in a volume equal to six percent.
• Minerals and products from them occupy 2% of the total volume.

Export to Turkey from Russia

The most significant sphere of export to Turkey from Russia is energy. For many years the Russian Federation has been supplying significant volumes of gas for the Turkish territories. In fact, Russia "closes" 60% of all energy needs. Ankara is not interested in changing the situation, because at the moment there are no other reliable sources of this type of fuel available. Gas cooperation for the two states was very promising. The Russian Federation planned the construction of a separate gas pipeline. However, the work did not begin.

The second export position is taken by the supply of hot-rolled steel and accounts for more than nineteen percent of the total volume of imports of Turkish metal. In this sphere, Turkey conducted an anti-dumping investigation in January, according to which, statements were made that Russian metallurgical enterprises are dumping in the Turkish market. This situation leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of local metal producers. According to Russian metallurgists, such accusations are groundless and dictated by an unfavorable political situation.

Large volumes (exports to Turkey from Russia) fall on the grain market. Since 2010, the indicators fluctuate within 15-17% of the total amount of grain exported. Despite the complicated relations between the two countries, grain exports from Russia to Turkey are currently being exported. All concluded contracts for the export of Russian grain are carried out, moreover, new ones are concluded.

It should be noted that, in addition to the above groups of goods, exports to Turkey from Russia also presuppose military products that are not officially advertised, but occupy a significant portion of the total volume. The total share of Russia in Turkey's exports is about 10%.

Investment component of the Russian-Turkish conflict

Long-term partnership relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Turkey created a favorable climate for mutually beneficial investment projects on both sides. The volume of such investments in the economy of today's opposing countries can be estimated at $ 500 million from the Turkish side and $ 1.75 million from the Russian side. The energy sphere is especially problematic for Russian investments. Companies "Lukoil", "Inter RAO" and "Rosatom" significantly invested in the energy sector of Turkey.

In connection with the conflict between Russia and Turkey, the problematic issue is the acquisition in 2012 by the Russian "Sberbank" of the Turkish DenizBank. At the end of 2015, the Russian subsidiary of Sberbank was in the leading positions of the banking sector in Turkey and served more than 5 million customers.

The military conflict significantly affected the economic situation of both countries. Areas affected by anti-Turkish sanctions will be described below.

Tourism

The decree of the President of the Russian Federation unilaterally introduced an actual ban on tourism to Turkey. Given the climatic conditions of the Republic of Turkey, the flow of tourists from Russia to this country has not declined during the entire calendar year. Such losses for tourism in Turkey are difficult to repair. In financial terms, the country lost about $ 10 billion annually.

Building sphere

A special place in the structure of exports of goods from Turkey to Russia is occupied by construction materials, which thoroughly won the Russian consumer. But the most painful was the ban on the use of services provided by companies controlled by Turkish citizens. He became painful due to the fact that foreign construction companies have proven themselves for decades with the best side.

The ban on any kind of construction services for Turkish companies is a tangible obstacle in the further development of this sphere of activity of Russia as a whole. A softening factor remains that the contracts signed with Turkish companies until December 31, 2015, will be implemented in full.

The consequences of imposing sanctions

Trade relations between Russia and Turkey for many decades had a development perspective. This fact is confirmed by the indicators of the overall trade turnover between the two countries based on the results of 2014. The general plans for the expansion of trade relations envisaged an increase in trade up to 2023 to a volume of 100 billion dollars. And it was real. The realities of today are such that the increase in turnover did not happen, but on the face of it a significant decline.

The aggravation of political relations also affected the unrealized project for the construction of a gas pipeline on the bottom of the Black Sea "Turkish Stream". The results of the introduction of sanctions by the Russian side against Turkey will be felt by the end of 2016. However, it is already obvious today that such actions will allow both sides to diversify the sales markets for goods and services.

What are the results

The structure of Russia's exports to Turkey has changed, which has affected the price growth. For ordinary Russians, such sanctions initially "poured out" in the rise in price of fruits and vegetables. In addition, such violent actions to eliminate Turkish producers from the food market will contribute to the intensification of smuggling.

A positive moment in the introduction of sanctions is the fact that the artificial reduction of the threshold of competitiveness will allow domestic producers to occupy the empty niches of food products. But still there is a sediment. After all, market conditions should presuppose a lively competition, which generates a healthy and high-quality product.

Russia - Turkey (import - export)

When analyzing the data of the first months of 2016, it can be stated that the introduction of product sanctions against Turkey led to a drop in the volume of Turkey's exports to Russia by more than 64%. There have also been significant changes in the distribution of imports of Russian goods to Turkey. If in 2015 the RF confidently took places in the top ten of the importing countries of Ankara's products, today the figures have significantly decreased.

According to Turkish experts, the deterioration of relations between Russia and Turkey may cost the second about 0.3-0.4% of gross domestic product. There are practically no bans on the part of Ankara, and Moscow imposed significant restrictions. However, exports to Turkey from Russia decreased.

It remains to be hoped that the political conflict will soon be resolved. In turn, the economic situation will improve, and exports and imports from Russia and Turkey will remain at the same level.