Electric welder of manual welding: grades, job description, instruction on labor protection, duties

Electrical connections are used to connect metal parts of machines, mechanisms, devices of building structures and building frames without additional fasteners. Works on the erection of metal structures are performed by electric welders of manual welding. The level of working skill depends on the quality of the connection on new products and when performing repair work.

Inaccuracies and negligence committed in the work lead to premature destruction of structures, accidents on a large scale. The specialist understands the specific features of welding, knows the essence of the process, uses new methods and complex techniques in the work. Electric welders of manual welding work on those facilities where the automatic units can not be used.

The process of welding two metal surfaces is to melt the upper layer through an electric arc , into which the substance of the electrode penetrates. After cooling, a strong metal seam is formed. The services of an electric welder are required in almost every organization or enterprise.

Qualities and skills of the electric welder

The specialty of a welder is complex and harmful, therefore, before entering the workplace, a person undergoes a medical examination within the established limits for detecting health disorders. Job seeker understands that this is a difficult profession. Welding welder has the following qualities:

• Perseverance and hard work achieve the set goals in the work;
• Is hardy in psychological and physical terms;
• Patiently endures long-term presence in uncomfortable poses and in enclosed spaces;
• Has by nature or develops visual perception, vision, knows how to determine dimensions by eye;
• He can deftly and accurately move;
• Without fear works at height;
• Works accurately and accurately.

Contraindications to the profession include: diseases of the osseous system, rheumatic complications, respiratory ailments, allergic manifestations, increased blood pressure, visual impairment, uncertain movements and tremor of the extremities.

Specialist tools and supplies

1. Convenient and high-quality electrode holder (easy to carry - up to 0.5 kg).
2. A mask on the head or a welder's shield to protect the eyes and face from infrared rays.
3. Cables for connecting the device to the source of electric current and for creating a working arc.
4. Electric welders for manual cleaning use metal brushes for cleaning the surface.
5. Hammer for slag chopping off the seam.
6. Chisel for removal of weld defects.
7. Ruler, gon, roulette, a set of templates.
8. Special clothes for the welder.

Complexities of work

In welding works there are certain violations of the process, expressed in the appearance of strain stresses from various causes. It contributes to deformations partial intermediate heating of the joint, its shrinkage, incorrect change in the structure of the welded site and much more. Manual welding manual welder provides for the use in the work of the project production works, which indicates the design solution of the welding unit.

To combat the disturbances of the technological process, the method of balancing the deformation is applied, rigid and firm fixing of the parts, preliminary annealing, temperature corrections of the product after the end of welding. For various reasons internal and external defects, cracks, violation of the seam geometry, pores on the surface, undercuts appear.

All violations of the integrity of the seam affect the quality of the joint of the product, a highly skilled welder tries to avoid the violation of technology in work. The appearing violations are necessarily corrected. Some defects are corrected without cutting the seam, others repeat the weld after mechanical removal of the failed connection.

The duties of an electric welder for manual welding include a thorough quality inspection of the joint, identification of defects with allowances for tolerances, in accordance with the rules and regulations. If there is a lack of compliance with the specifications, the welder corrects poor-quality work.

Manual for the protection of labor of the electric welder of manual welding

The welder starts by checking the operating status of the unit, isolating the power supply cable and the state of the electrode holder. Next is the arrangement of the workspace for work and listening to safety instructions at the work site.

Before working with the welding machine, the protective earthing of the housing of the unit and the secondary winding of the motor is checked, without this, work does not begin. The electric welder of the manual arc welding ground the working surface in the form of a metal table. To protect others, the welder installs shielding panels of non-flammable material.

The work of the electric welder of manual arc welding is associated with the danger of electric shock, so welding in wet, damp rooms and on metal surfaces is always performed while standing on the rubber mat under your feet. Be sure to wear rubber shoes (galoshes, boots), rubber gloves are used. Eyes are protected with welder's glasses or a special mask.

The primary supply circuit is not made longer than 10 m. Work on the territory with flammable substances is carried out in accordance with the instructions for special welding conditions. Repair of vessels of flammable substances is done after cleaning their surfaces with washing with warm water.

The working electrical cables are arranged so that they do not touch metal objects, heated pipelines. Do not weld the walls of pipes in the system under the pressure of water, gas, oil, etc. Breaks in work are done after disconnecting the device from power and removing the voltage from the electrode holder.

The electric welder of manual welding is allowed to work, if he has a qualification level not lower than the second. Work inside closed tanks, tanks and other containers is carried out only in pairs, work begins after providing a natural or forced ventilation installation of the workplace.

The welder's overalls correspond to the norm and are in good condition. The material is a thick, dense fabric of a fireproof type, which does not melt from sparks, - the canvas is ideal. A warm hat is chosen without a visor that interferes with the proper placement of the working mask. Shoes are worn with a dull top, preventing a burn from sparks, it is fitted to fit and tightly laced. The canvas mittens are put on so that the sleeve of the jacket is covered.

Non-compliance with safety regulations results in various occupational injuries:

• Burns;
• Lacrimation;
• Electric shock of varying degrees;
• Poisoning with vapors of zinc, silicon, lead, manganese, nitrogen;
• Traumatic injuries from explosions;
• Irradiation with gamma particles during the transmission of seams.

Measures against fires

The electric arc welder of the manual arc welding necessarily observes fire regulations and rules. He does not start work until the workplace is provided with fire extinguishing equipment: a box with sand, shovel, buckets and a fire extinguisher.

In the workplace or in close proximity to it, do not store explosive and flammable substances, flammable materials, wooden structures must be protected with sheets of metal or asbestos. After the work is finished, the remains of open fire are checked and no fires are left.

Job description for the welder

A qualified electric welder belongs to the category of specialists. Reception of the employee to the enterprise and release from the post is made by the department head in agreement with the immediate supervisor. Below we list the main competencies, rights and duties of the welder, set out in the job description of the specialist.

Welder knowledge

To obtain the qualification of a specialist, a welder has certain skills and knowledge. Electric welder of manual welding knows:

• Properties of titanium alloys, their variety and physical properties;
• Kinematic device of automatic and semi-automatic welding units, general information on electronic control stuffing;
• Data on the susceptibility to corrosion damage of different metals and the causes that cause it;
• Methods for testing finished welded products;
• Types of temperature processing of seams and joints;
• General principles of suture metallography.

Official duties

The manual instruction of the electric welder of manual welding defines the terms of reference within which the welder's work is carried out. The specialist performs work in different areas.

Carries out gas, arc and plasma welding of very complex hardware units, parts and structural components of pipelines from the used steels, nonferrous metals, cast iron. Works with alloys intended for use in high-pressure dynamic and vibrating structures.

It performs gas and arc welding of dynamically working construction and other structures. It applies automatic welding for joining parts made of alloyed, titanium alloys on complex modern machines. Produces mechanized welding of structural components of pipelines, connections of buildings operating under vibration. Welds ceilings and joints on a vertical wall.

Rights of the electric welder of manual welding

At each enterprise, in accordance with the norms, the electric welder of manual welding, whose work intersects with other specialists, is given certain rights. Subordinated employees receive orders from him in the field of issues falling within his competence.

The specialist supervises the process of execution of tasks, monitors the timing of the execution of orders of his subordinates. The electric welder has access to all necessary materials, documents on the nature of his activity and the work of his subordinates. The employee interacts with the technical support services of the enterprise and the production departments.

Has the right to become acquainted with the orders and decisions of executives on their own activities. Offers innovative ways to improve welding techniques and brings them to the competent services. Based on the results of the work done, he suggests to the head a list of employees who have distinguished themselves in their work, and also asks to consider the issue of punishing offenders. Reports to the immediate manager about all the unplanned changes in technology and the shortcomings that have arisen.

Welder's responsibility

The welder within the limits of the legislation is responsible for the following actions:

• Poor performance of work or failure to perform official duties, violation of internal regulations at the enterprise;
• Legal violations provided for by criminal, civil and administrative law;
• Causing damage to the material plan;
• Non-observance of the trade secrets of the enterprise and confidentiality;
• Non-compliance with norms and rules of occupational safety and health.

Welder of the 3rd category of manual electric welding

The specialist performs manual and arc plasma welding, makes a seam of medium complexity, composes knots of carbon and structural steels, colored raw materials. Works in any position of the selected connection, except the ceiling. It makes oxygen cutting of parts of medium complexity from alloyed steels and iron with low carbon content, non-ferrous metals. Welds worn tool parts made of structural and carbonaceous metal.

Knowledge and skills determine the ranks of the electric welder of manual welding. The specialist is well versed in the arrangement of electric welding machines and welding equipment chambers, knows the requirements for the quality of the seam and the surface of parts after cutting. Is able to distinguish the properties of electrodes of various types, knows techniques for determining the quality of the seam connection. The worker understands the causes of the internal stresses of the structure and prevents them.

Welder of the 4th category of manual electric welding

The 4th-rank worker performs plasma welding of parts, structures, pipelines of medium complexity from cast iron, non-ferrous alloys, carbonaceous metal in all positions, including the ceiling arrangement of the seam. It makes cutting of cast iron, non-ferrous metals, special steels, high-carbon alloys. Is able to weld hot pipes and tanks, chips of machine parts, assemblies, tools. Understand in complex drawings.

He knows the principle and schemes of electric welding technology, peculiarities of operation by AC and DC machines, welding technology in chambers, electrical engineering fundamentals, mechanical characteristics of metals.

Welder of the 5th category of manual electric welding

Produces manual plasma and arc welding of complex aggregates, structures and components of pipelines from various steel grades, it is allowed to connect building structures operating in difficult conditions. The job description of the 5-digit manual welding welder indicates that the specialist produces welded block structures in any position of the seam. Makes correction of defects of complex nodes by fusing the missing parts. The welder reads complex drawings of spatial structures from metal.

Welder of the 6th category of manual electric welding

The welder specializes in connecting complex units and apparatus, pipelines of any kind of steel or alloy, is allowed to construct dynamic skeletons of buildings and technological vibration structures. Welds seams in experimental structures of metals with poor weldability, titanium and its alloys. Knows the scheme of construction of working equipment.

He uses in his work knowledge of the mechanical properties of metals, the types of damage from corrosion, the causes that cause them. Applies in practice the basics of seam metallography and thermal treatment of joints.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the work of the welder is complex, it affects the work of structures without accidents and breakdowns. The specialist has good health and is allowed to work after passing certain standards.