Education as a factor of economic growth

It's no secret that the country's economy develops the better, the higher the quality and the level of education, which in turn reduces the unemployment rate and at times increases the life expectancy.

Many historians of the economy have found a link between the spread of education in various countries of the world and the beginning of economic growth. For example, Easterlin found that, as a rule, after the educational reform took 25-30 years, so that in this or that country began to grow significantly in the economy.

It is known that the level of education in Russia (both secondary and higher) has fallen sharply in recent years. Both teachers and students themselves talk about this. Before, our education was the envy of the whole world. The Soviet Union was one of the main centers of technical education, and now the 15-year-old Russian teenager in mathematics is at about the same level as the American teenager.

Education has a powerful influence on the economy of the country, since there is a high level of employment in this sphere. In addition, education is a very attractive project for financial investments and, in part, for labor (since it is in this area that we "grow" new specialists). For many years, Russian education was a standard of fundamentalism. Anyone could receive an education for free and for life. The system of higher education was composed of incredible works of teachers, teachers, scientists who did not seek the benefits in this matter for themselves - such a system was reliable!

Today, the high demand for education is not due to the desire of young people to learn and gain knowledge, but only a mere formality: "it's necessary", "parents forced", "slipped from the army". There is also another opinion that the diploma of higher education is the key to success in a career. However, all this led to a significant decrease in the requirements for the quality of the educational process, to a sharp expansion of commercial admission to universities. Of course, the creation of branches in small towns solved the problem of entering the university for the inhabitants of the remote area, but did the students benefit from this? - No. This led to a weakening of requirements, both for students and for teaching staff. And the level of the received school knowledge of provincial entrants is much inferior to the knowledge of urban entrants.

The knowledge that students receive at school is a solid base for further education in higher education. The perception of new information is given much simpler, since knowledge is a kind of chain, one overlaps another, many are repeated. Therefore, those students who have successfully mastered the school curriculum - it is not difficult to study university education, since there are no "blank spots".

It is believed that a good level of schooling at times increases the chances of admission to university and, accordingly, increases the accessibility of higher education. What is happening today ?! If we are talking about education reform, then the first thing that comes to mind is the USE.

Of course, the main goal of this innovation (and sometimes the only excuse) is the fight against corruption when entering the university. But is it really so?

If earlier corruption was manifested in the uncleanness of the admissions committee, today this pendulum has moved toward tutoring, and representatives of the same commission are engaged in this, promising concerned parents that after the lessons their child will definitely go to higher education institutions on a budget. Money from the parent purse is still leaking out, as it was without the USE, but today the goal sounds much nobler - take the exams, and the instrument of successful delivery - the tutor from the university. Today, the end in itself of school graduates is not the acquisition of knowledge, but the successful delivery of the Unified State Examination. And the successful delivery of the Single Exam does not guarantee a high level of knowledge. First of all, these are the trained skills of choosing the right answer from 4 possible options. They say that it is not possible to make a good product out of bad material, since from students who are, roughly speaking, second-rate raw materials, high-quality products can turn out ?! Therefore, how can the country's economy function with such specialists ?!

On August 25, 2003, the August meeting of the pedagogical council in Moscow was held in Moscow, where former Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov spoke about the USE: "By introducing testing in graduating classes, we replace the principle of knowledge testing with the principle of guessing. The EGE reminds me of playing thimbles at the train station. But if at the station we lose only money, then here is the younger generation. "

In a developed capitalist society, no one forces, only opportunities for development are provided: You want to study and get an education - learn, do not want - do not. Irreplaceable people do not. But under a socialist society, they took patronage over the laggards, helped, and pulled.

In 1970, the USSR allocated 7% of GDP for education, and Russia in 1994 was already 3.4% (it is also necessary to take into account the fact that by 1994 GDP had halved, and prices almost doubled after August 1998) , So we get only a quarter of the costs of the Soviet Union). At that time, as in developed countries , 5.3-5.5% are allocated. In our time, education accounts for about 0.75% of GDP.

Today, everything has changed: both educational standards and control of students' knowledge. At the same time, the number of institutions of higher professional education is being reduced, standards are being transformed, baccalaureate is being introduced, and so on. Almost all of these reforms are puzzling: the development of these innovations is spent on record amounts, but the quality of knowledge from them not only does not increase, moreover, they create a lot of inconvenience, both for teachers and students.

Education in higher education institutions should develop in the student the ability to understand, think. A graduate should become a high-class specialist who can independently make decisions, make discoveries, create something new, seek new ways to solve problems, and for this, first of all, one must teach him to think. And it's much better if this process is not only occupied by the university, but also the school, so it is necessary to train such a specialist already from the senior classes, so that there is not, in a sense, re-education.

On the website of the US State Secretariat of Administration there is one small entry: "Foreign students annually contribute $ 11 billion to the US economy." Here is one of the proofs that in "skillful hands" education becomes the most important "bread-winner" of the whole country.

Today, education is becoming an important productive and political-diplomatic force. In developed countries, it has long been the case that the cost of education is not budgetary spending per se, it's an investment! People with higher education bring a higher share of GDP, and such costs are profitable.

So, education occupies the most important place in the development of the economy, namely, research and development. The institutes train specialists whose knowledge will meet the demands on the labor market. Human abilities play a major role in production. But the high demand for higher education entailed the fact that the admission to higher education institutions on a monetary basis (commerce) was expanded, and as a result, the quality of education was reduced. Plus to this everything is observed "sailed away" of good specialists, the "aging" of teachers.

The main tasks that need to be solved in order to hang up the quality of education:

1. Improvement of the education system.

2. updating of the bases for the educational process.

3. professional development of the teaching staff

4. sufficient provision of professional specialized universities by the state.

So, in order to improve the education system and reach the international level, it is necessary to solve all of the above tasks. After all, it is the level of education, the quality of knowledge and the qualification of the workforce that can ensure a steady increase in the competitive strength of the country's economy.

Bibliographic list:

1. Level of education and economic development. [Electronic resource]. - http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2006/475

2. Say no to a single state exam. [Electronic resource]. - http://www.trinitas.ru/eng/doc/0012/001a/00120100.htm

3. E. Hanushek, L. Wessman. The role of quality education in economic growth. - 2007. - [121, 127, 141].

4. Rastorgueva NF The quality of education - a pledge of competitiveness of the graduate / NF Rastorgueva // Higher education in Russia. - 2009. - No. 1. - [87, 89, 93]