Drainage works: description, types, principles and recommendations

Drainage work is so simple that it can be handled by any home master without having specific skills and knowledge. The laying of this system is carried out at the stage of designing a residential building, so that you do not have to dig tracks and lawns. To protect the adjacent territory of buildings from atmospheric precipitation and groundwater, one of the existing methods can be used.

Types of drainage

If you decide to perform drainage works, you should first become familiar with the main types of drainage. This system can have a closed or an open type. The first version includes two methods of the device: combined and simple. Combined involves the installation of drainage pipes and drainage channels. As for the open method, it is one of the simple and inexpensive options. For its arrangement it is necessary to lay drainage ditches along the perimeter of the territory of the site.

Design Considerations

Drainage works are often produced by owners of countryside and private houses themselves. At the first stage, it is necessary to design, according to which separate elements of the sewerage system will be arranged. The distance between the drains will depend on the characteristics of the ground. Thus, the maximum distance for clay soils is 10 meters. If in the loam area, this parameter increases to 20 meters. On sandy soils, the distance between drains should be at most 50 meters. If you want to speed up drainage of the territory, the drains should be located as close as possible.

Description and principle of operation of the surface drainage system

Drainage works can be carried out on the basis of a surface system that protects structures and soil from excess moisture due to the melting of snow and rain. If we are talking about a linear variety of the surface system, it is a set of open trays mounted with a slight slope to the point of draw-off. The last one is the shower well. To ensure that the appearance of the site was not spoiled, the trays are covered with special plastic or metal grilles. This type of drainage is most often used in places where groundwater is not very high.

In order for the melt and rainwater drainage system to work as efficiently as possible, the circuit should assume the presence of special devices called sand catchers. Their main function is to hold small debris like the type of seeds of trees, leaves, as well as pebbles and sand. A spot variety of the surface drainage system is the water collectors, which are interconnected by underground pipes. According to the latest, water enters the well of the sewage system. Such rainwater receivers are installed under the drainpipes, as well as in low places of the site. Their presence is mandatory and under the water pipes, which are located on the street.

Description and operation principle of deep drainage system

If the groundwater on the site is deep, you can equip a deep drainage system, which involves the use of pipes with perforations. They are located underground and are called drains. Through the holes in them comes water, which reaches the collection point. The operation of the drainage pipe allows to effectively drain the site, prolonging the life of buildings, while eliminating the erosion of the foundation by groundwater. To create a deep drainage system, it is necessary to lay pipes with a slope that will be directed to the water collection point. The liquid can be discharged into the well of the storm sewer, a storage well or a drainage tunnel.

In order to monitor the functioning of the network, it includes inspection wells. Cleaning the system can be done on its own, it's not such a difficult job: the drainage system is freed from debris through the revision wells. In this case, a jet of water is injected into the pipes, the direction of which must be the inverse of the usual motion of the liquid.

Advice of a specialist

Drainage systems of deep type must necessarily be located in the area where groundwater is located at a distance of 2.5 meters or less from the surface of the earth. This applies to clay soils, as well as soils that do not cope well with water filtration. It is also possible to equip a deep drainage system in low-lying areas, it is especially important to make such a system around the perimeter of the house and other structures, which will exclude the damaging effect of water on the foundation.

Principle of operation of surface drainage pump

If you decide to purchase the appropriate equipment for the arrangement of the system, then you need to know the principle of the drain pump. The surface version of these units is installed at the edge of the drain pit, the hose is lowered to the bottom of the tank, through which the waste is pumped out. To ensure the operation of the pump in automatic mode, a float mechanism is applied to the switching lever, which is necessary in order to monitor the water level in the excavation. As soon as the runoff rises above a certain level, the float will rise with it, including the device.

The drain pump provides for an inlet pipe through which liquid is sucked from the sink pit. There is an output pipe in the device, it is output beyond the limits. Do not allow water to enter the engine, otherwise the unit will fail, so the pump must be able to pump drains more quickly than their level rises in the pit.

For reference

The operation of the drain pump will be effective if the equipment is brought to the sewer system by means of nozzles. For this reason, when installing the equipment, you must know the diameter of the sewer pipe to within a millimeter. As the main advantage of the above drainage pumps is their mobility, since the device can easily be moved to the desired location, and in the event of a breakdown, repairs are carried out quite easily and quickly.

Principle of operation of a submersible drain pump

Drainage works, the cost of which may seem to some owners of private houses quite high, you can implement independently. In addition, the system can provide for the presence of a submersible pump, the principle of operation of which is the same as that of equipment with an external arrangement, but the design is somewhat different. The equipment should be lowered into the pit, which is filled with drains, after it is sucked up by the pump itself through the hole in the bottom. This part of the unit is protected by a cellular filter, which prevents large particles and stones from getting into the impeller of the pump, which could cause a rapid breakdown of the unit after the start of operation.

Cost of work for specialists

Drainage works, which cost 2,900 rubles per running meter, are carried out today by many organizations. The requested amount is requested if the depth of the bookmarking of the elements does not exceed 1.5 meters.