Diseases of the hip joints. Symptoms of hip joint disease

All human organs and systems must function well. Only in this case it is possible to lead a normal life activity. In this article I want to consider the main symptoms, diseases of the hip joint.

What it is?

Initially, you need to define the terminology. What is the hip joint? So, it's a bone that touches the femur with its head. Its main functions are:

• The possibility of flexion-extension;
• The ability to take your foot to the side;
• Pronation and supination, i.e., the ability to perform rotational movements.

Main reasons

It is necessary to understand, what causes can cause various diseases of the hip joint. So, physicians distinguish the following:

1. Mechanical damage. This is a different severity of injury, fractures.
2. Diseases of an infectious nature. Often they provoke the emergence of various problems with the hip joint.
3. Microbial and viral infections, for example, influenza and angina (mainly when it comes to Perthes disease).
4. Another reason for hip joint disease is genetic predisposition. In this case, medical records of the nearest relatives of a person are examined to identify coincidences.
5. Various metabolic disorders, lack of vitamins, calcium. In this case, the body is weakened, the bones become not strong enough. And this can lead to various problems that can arise in the hip joint.

The main symptomatology

Initially, I want to consider the most varied symptoms of hip joint disease. So, in most cases, when this particular part of the body is affected, the person is disturbed:

1. Pain. They can be of a different nature. The pain is acute and dull, strong and moderate. It all depends on the type of illness, and also on the degree of its development. Often it happens that the nature of pain during the course of the disease varies. You can remove it with various anesthetics. However, the cause of its occurrence does not disappear from this.
2. Considering the hip joint, the symptoms of the disease, which can also arise, it is worth saying that these are various violations of motor activity. This problem occurs with all diseases of the hip joint. In some cases, such violations are not very noticeable, i.e. the gait of the patient practically does not change. In other situations, it can be too difficult (the inability to walk without support). If the disease is in a neglected state, the motor activity of the patient will be completely impossible.
3. What are the signs of hip joint disease? So, various external changes can testify to this. Most often in this case there is talk about limp, hitting the leg. Sometimes the affected limb may even be shortened, which causes the person to either walk on the toes or to tilt the body in one direction.
4. Other indicators: if there is inflammation, the temperature may rise (most often to subfebrile markings), and there may also be redness on the skin.

Osteoarthritis

Initially, we need to talk about a problem such as "coxarthrosis of the hip joint" disease. If to speak in usual language, in a life this disease name simply arthrosis. It is important to note that this disease is the first among various problems of the musculoskeletal system of a person.

This disease begins from the defeat of the articular cartilage. It is gradually fragmented, depleted, which results in the loss of its depreciation properties. In this case, the bone of the joint is also affected, and bone growths may appear. Other problems that can also arise due to coxarthrosis:

• Formation of cysts in the head of the hip bone;
• Cysts can also form in the tissues of the acetabulum, where the head of the bone is located;
• Often there is sclerosis of the plates of the surfaces of the joint.

Very often the cause of the development of this disease becomes a disease, such as dysplasia (of course, the hip joint). This is an underdevelopment of bone tissue, as well as a difference in the size of the acetabulum and head. In this case, there is insufficient blood supply, which causes such a problem as arthrosis.

Among the reasons for the development of the disease, doctors distinguish various injuries, bruises. If it is a question of microtrauma, then their regularity can also cause the development of this problem. And, of course, it is especially important to treat various inflammatory processes in time. After all, they can also turn into arthrosis.

Symptomatics and stages of coxarthrosis

What can tell the medical history? Coxarthrosis of the hip joint is most often manifested by the following symptoms:

• Pain or discomfort in the buttock and groin;
• Pain in the knee (in this case most often we are talking about coxarthrosis in the acute stage);
• The spine also reacts to this problem.

In medical practice, three main stages of this disease are distinguished:

1. The first. Here the pain appears sporadically in the main after active physical activity. It is localized most often in the region of the knee or thigh. After rest, discomfort disappears. Gait and motor activity at this stage are still unchanged.
2. The second. In this case, the pain will be stronger. It is localized mainly in the groin or thigh. It is important to note that at this stage, discomfort occurs even during rest. Functionality of the joint is impaired, its motor activity is also deteriorating. There is a limitation in the joint of passive movements (in medicine - contracture). The head of the femur also deforms, the muscles lose their strength.
3. The third stage. In this case, pain accompanies a person always, at rest and even at night. It's impossible to walk without support. Movement of the joint sharply limited, they are very difficult. Gradually, the sick limb is shortened, the person's gait changes. You have to lean sideways and stand on the toes to balance the movement.

If the problem develops further, this leads to the fact that movements in the joint are completely absent.

Diagnosis and treatment of coxarthrosis

Having considered the above-described symptoms of hip joint disease, it is worth saying that it is possible to diagnose this problem with the help of radiography. If the pain is moderate, ultrasound or MRI can help (these studies will give an opportunity to determine if there is inflammation).

If we talk about the first two stages of the disease, treatment here will be conservative. The main goal of the doctor is to ensure the normal mobility of the joint. The third stage requires other treatment: the introduction of drugs that remove inflammation, can also be used by various fluid substitutes in the joints. In special cases, endoprosthetics may be indicated.

Perthes disease

It is also necessary to consider Perthes' disease of the hip joint. It should be noted that this disease most often affects children aged 3 to 12 years. In this case, it is more often affected by boys. However, in girls, the course of the disease is more serious.

What is Perthes' disease of the hip joint? So, this is a special pathological process, when normal blood circulation in the head of the femur is broken, which causes such a problem as necrosis. It is important to note that there is both one-sided and two-sided damage.

Today, doctors have not yet come to a single conclusion about what is the main reason for the appearance of this disease. The stages of the same Perthes disease are as follows:

1. After the beginning of the cessation of normal blood supply to the head of the femur, tissue necrosis develops.
2. Secondary fracture of the head of the bone in the area of destruction.
3. Necrotic tissues gradually resolve. This leads to the fact that there is a shortening of the neck of the thigh.
4. In the place of necrosis connective tissue proliferates.
5. The connective tissue is gradually replaced by bone.

The process of recovery in this case depends on the stage of neglect of the disease. If the treatment is started on time, a full recovery is possible. Otherwise, the head can disintegrate into several parts, which often leads to its incorrect, deformed splice.

They will tell you about the appearance of Perthes' disease of the hip joint, photo. Suffice it to look at the pictures of sick children to understand that this disease also causes changes in appearance (that is, there may be lameness and shortening of the limb itself). This disease is also accompanied by pain. At first it will be blunt, it will start to appear while walking. There may be a slight limping or an attack on the aching leg. There are no other clinical symptoms. In this, and all the danger, because with such complaints, people rarely go to the orthopedist. If there is a compression fracture, the pain is significantly increased, lameness already manifests itself sharply, it is clearly visible to others. There is limited movement, walking is difficult. The body temperature can rise to subfebrile indices.

Diagnosis of the disease using radiography. Treatment takes place in the department of orthopedics, then - outpatient. Duration of conservative therapy: approximately 12-14 months. Surgical intervention can be shown only in the most severe cases.

In the end, it is worth noting that if you are considering various hip joint diseases in children, speech is most often about this disease.

Acute-Acellular Collision Syndrome

It should be noted that this is one of the anomalies that can affect the hip joint. In this case, there is a collision or collision of bone structures during the movement of a person (hence the name impingment, i.e., an incorrect collision). The exact causes that can cause this condition, modern medicine is still unknown. The symptoms of hip joint disease in this case are as follows:

• Pain that occurs when a person is in a certain position, often during flexion;
• Limited certain movements.

The problem is diagnosed by X-ray diffraction. However, since this disease is very similar to other diseases, doctors are often mistaken and make the wrong diagnosis. Conservative treatment with this problem is completely useless. Surgical intervention is necessary. Only in this case it is possible to cope with the disease.

Bursitis

Another disease that should also be considered is bursitis of the hip joint. In this case, we are talking about the inflammatory process in the synovial bag, the main task of which is to prevent friction.

We further consider such a part of the human body as the hip joint. Symptoms of bursitis are as follows:

1. Pain. It can be acute, intense, burning. Localization: most often this is the outer part of the thigh.
2. As the problem develops, the pain may become dull. However, the area of its distribution increases.
3. Pain increases during flexion-extension of the thigh. Also, it may be painful for a person to lie on his side from the side of defeat.
4. With purulent bursitis the pain is so strong that it does not allow even to move normally.

The main methods of diagnosis: examination of the patient, palpation, listening to complaints. To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is referred for X-ray or MRI. Basically, the treatment is conservative. In rare cases, if the disease is neglected, surgical intervention may be required.

Tendonitis

We further consider various problems that affect the hip joint, symptoms of the disease, treatment. Be sure to tell more about what is tendonitis. So, this is the inflammation of the tendons in the place where it binds to the bone. The main symptomatology in this case:

1. As in all inflammatory processes, redness appears on the skin.
2. There will necessarily be pain. It is localized in the region of the affected ligament.
3. And, of course, the patient's motor activity will decrease.

This problem is diagnosed by inspection. To clarify the diagnosis, ultrasound can be prescribed. Treatment is mostly conservative. However, in rare cases, there are indications for surgical intervention.

Gender identity

Often, patients are interested in the question of what are the most common hip joint diseases in women? Initially, it should be noted that such a strict distinction does not exist. Any of the diseases described above affects people of both sexes almost equally. However, statistics indicate that the main diseases of the hip joints in women are arthritis and arthrosis. In addition, these diseases occur in older people.

The main diseases of the hip joint in men are bursitis and tendonitis. And all because most of the guys are engaged in hard work, and they have more serious stress on the body. And all this often leads to the appearance of such problems with the hip joint.

Diagnostics

Initially, it should be noted that when there are various pain sensations in the hip joint, you should immediately contact a doctor for advice. After all, in this case, you can diagnose the disease at the earliest stage. And this facilitates and significantly shortens the patient's recovery process. Otherwise, there is a risk of complete immobilization of the affected limb.

In what ways can today diagnose various problems that affect the hip joint?

1. Inspection of the patient. Huge information can "tell" only the symptoms, i.e. those problems that the patient complains of. Having listened to them, quite often the doctor makes preliminary conclusions about what disease is present in the patient.
2. Palpation. In some cases, the feeling of the place of affliction of the patient can also give answers to certain questions.
3. The most commonly used diagnostic method for various diseases of the hip is radiography.
4. Patients may also be given an ultrasound examination (for certain diseases) or an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in case the patient has an inflammation focus.

Treatment

Why can hip joint disease go away? Treatment - that's very important in this case. After all, if you start it on time, you can cope with the disease without special problems and efforts. What can appoint a doctor?

Conservative treatment.

1. Physiotherapy, physiotherapy, massages. This is all necessary for any degree of disease. However, if the disease first appeared, it is often possible to cope with it only with these methods.
2. Anesthetics. So, often to get rid of the pain use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, it is important to clarify that they do not fight the disease, but only relieve unpleasant symptoms. It can be such medications as "Texamen", "Celebrex", "Nimulide", "Nalgezin", "Diklak", etc. But when using these medications, you need to remember that they have a fairly large list of various contraindications .
3. Chondroprotectors. These are drugs that improve the condition of cartilaginous tissue. They are based on glucosamine, as well as chondroitin sulfate. Ampoules: preparations "Mukosat", "Hondrolon". Tablets: preparations "Hondroksid", "Structum". Ointments: "Elastenga", "Chondroxide".
4. Means for improving blood circulation in the head of the knee joint. These are such drugs as Stugeron, Pentoxifylline.
5. Also, various intra-articular injections, synovial fluid substitutes, can be prescribed.

Surgical intervention is another way to get rid of the problem. It is appointed as a last resort, when it is impossible to cope with the problem with conservative methods. In this case, endoprosthetics are often performed. That is, the diseased joint is removed, and a special prosthesis is installed in its place, which does not interfere with normal functioning.