Education, Secondary education and schools
Differences and similarities of plant and animal cells
A cell is the simplest element of the structure of an organism, characteristic of both the animal and the plant world. What does it consist of? Similarities and differences of cells of plant and animal origin will be considered below.
Plant cell
Apparently, the structure is not such and tricky. At once we pay attention to the similarities of the plant and animal cells with respect to the structure. Here we note the presence of a vacuole. In plant cells, it is one, and in the animal there are many small, performing the function of intracellular digestion. Also note that there is a fundamental similarity in the structure: the membrane, the cytoplasm, the nucleus. The structure of membranes, they also do not differ.
Animal Cell
Similarity of cells
- Structure of cells;
- Similarity of metabolic processes;
- Encoding information;
- The same chemical composition;
- Identical division process.
As can be seen from the above list, the similarities of plant and animal cells are numerous, despite such a variety of life forms.
Differences in cells. Table
Despite the large number of similar features, the cells of animal and plant origin have many differences. For clarity, we give the table:
Symptoms | Plant cell | Animal Cell |
Cellulose Cell Wall | + | - |
Plastids | + | - |
The basic stock of carbohydrates | starch | glycogen |
Cellular Center | - | + |
Vacuole | One | Numerous |
Synthesis of ATP | Chloroplasts, mitochondria | Mitochondria |
Method of nutrition | Autotrophic | Heterotrophic |
The main difference is in the way of food. As can be seen from the table, the plant cell has an autotrophic way of feeding, and the animal cell is heterotrophic. This is due to the fact that the plant cell contains chloroplasts, that is, the plants themselves synthesize all the substances necessary for survival, using the energy of light and photosynthesis. Under the heterotrophic method of nutrition is meant the ingestion of the necessary substances in the body with food. These same substances are also a source of energy for the being.
Note that there are exceptions, for example, green flagellates, which are capable of obtaining the necessary substances in two ways. Since the process of photosynthesis requires solar energy, they use the autotrophic method of nutrition during the daytime. At night they are forced to use ready-made organic substances, that is, they eat heterotrophically.
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