Dice and its distribution

At present it is already impossible to determine exactly the date of the first cubes and their author. In history, a huge number of hoaxes on this topic, because many inventors attributed this primacy. However, the dice found by archaeologists, practically unchanged from the modern one, placed all the points above the "i". This event occurred during excavations of the ancient Iranian city of Shahri-Suhta, which existed even more than five millennia ago. In a set with a cube was also a board for playing backgammon, which indicates the popularity of this hobby in those days.

Origin

Before these events, the opinions of scientists about where the dice were invented diverge. After all, in the late historical writings of India and Greece, there are references to the invention of dice by concrete people who, as it turned out, merely presented a curiosity to the public court. For example, the representatives of Hellas stated that Palamedes gave cubes to bored soldiers who were passing the time in the siege of Troy. The ethnos of India referred to the disparaging recommendations of the Buddha, who claimed that a self-respecting person would not plunge himself into the abyss of excitement and throw dice.

Local traditions

In the community of Kievan Rus this fun has undergone some transformations. The result was a game of "grandmothers" - entertainment for children and women, which was aimed at developing dexterity. The dice in this case consisted of the vertebrae of hoofed animals, into which, if necessary, lead could be poured. Old Russian cubes in many respects inherited their ancestors, from the form and ending with their application.

Confession

In subsequent periods of history, the popularity of bones only increased. They were played by everyone who could afford it. After all, in a fit of excitement, you could not only lose your property, but also your wife or even your own freedom, because in the days of slavery such an outcome was more than obvious.

The Germans, the Byzantines, and later the Landsknechts were known as the most zealous players who deified this process of contests with fortune and, to attract her attention, adorned the bones with an elaborate carving. The cubes were made of valuable wood, bone and even metal. Already in that troubled time, the first sharper began to appear, who wanted to cash in at the expense of naive simpletons. To win always stayed on their side, they weighted one side of the cube, as a result of which the dice acquired a bias relative to its center of gravity and the chance of appearance of some of its facets was much higher. Also, since the eleventh century, from the Eastern Roman Empire, the art of divination is spreading with the help of similarly shaped chips. It was compared in popularity with the traditional methods adopted earlier.

In the Middle Ages, numerous attempts were made to legislatively restrict cubes, but all of them encountered tacit resistance of the society and were only declarative in nature. As you can see, all these attempts were defeated, because the bones are still used in the gambling industry.

Modern application

Now standard cubes are all the same construction that was used earlier. However, for use in the casino, a certain standard was necessary, which would exclude fraud. Therefore, it was decided to unify all small and large dice and accept only those whose facet is 16 millimeters across. At the same time, as a result of the checks, the probability of occurrence of some combinations was found out that when drilling out points on the surface of the cube its center of gravity shifts. Therefore, modern dice are marked with color, which does not lead to distortion in the functioning of the source of randomness. The methods of marking the faces of the cube were also approved, the total sum of the three sides of which is always equal to 7. When drawing digital marks from 1 to 3 clockwise relative to the angle, these chips are called right, if on the contrary - left.

Random number generator

It is because of all these processes that a fully balanced die, the probability of which each face does not exceed 1/6, symbolizes blind luck and allows you to fully trust it. The results of the roll of the die are obtained randomly, since this process is accompanied by a lot of uncertain factors, starting from the position of the player's hand and ending with his position or vigor of movements. In a sense, this process can be called a random number generator, but their values will always be within certain limits. However, if there are doubts about the cube, they can be easily dispelled - the dice are thrown twice, and the results rarely coincide. After all, the chips are rounded corners, which allows it to roll over the table surface with minimal resistance. Therefore, cubes are very widely used in the modern world, from gambling to "Monopoly" or its analogues.