Development of the Kotlovanov: Basic Ways

The pit is a deepening in the ground, in other words, a large pit, created for the foundation of the foundation, as well as other engineering and technical structures. The development of pits is carried out exclusively by specialists with certain knowledge and experience. This work begins with the preparation of design and accounting documentation: this stage is especially important if it is a question of conducting earthworks in the city, where there is a large number of underground communications, the presence of which must be taken into account so as not to create an emergency situation.

For excavation excavation technique is used. Be sure to take into account the angle of natural slopes, the characteristics of the cohesion of the ground, etc. The walls at the excavation can be vertical, but in this case, an additional fixing of the soil (if the depth exceeds two meters) is necessary. This is especially important if there are residential buildings nearby. As a rule, in the process of digging foundation pits, the following types of work are carried out : geodetic work; Organization of temporary access roads; Distribution or removal of the developed soil.

Backhoe Excavators

The development of trenches is performed by various types of excavators, in particular, with backhoe. This makes it possible to develop the soil by the end method. In addition, it is possible to carry out lateral penetrations. The machine in this case is above the level of the bottom and loads the extractable soil into a dumper or other cargo vehicle. Backhoe excavators are usually used when working with wet or moist soils.

Which method to use - lateral penetration or end - depends on what the operating characteristics of the machine. Here it is necessary to take into account the width of the excavation and the depth of digging. If the shipment of vehicles is two-sided, the end-hole penetration can be from 160 to 170 cm wide. If the dump truck is delivered from one side, the width will be 130 cm. The development of soil in the foundation pit with unloading into the dump reduces the penetration width, since the excavated soil should be placed in the dump . When the width of the excavation is greater than the width of the penetration (when moving along a straight line), several end gaps are used, or move along a zigzag (transverse-face method).

Dragline excavators

Dragline develops the soil, located above the level of excavation. Works are carried out with the help of lateral and end penetrations, and ground loading is also carried out in a dump or in a vehicle. The dragline has a larger turning radius, and it digs deeper - these are its main advantages over a backhoe. Therefore, it is effectively used when working with dense and soft soils, even if their saturation with water is very high. Works can be performed by taking the ground in turn on each side of the truck (transverse shuttle circuit). It is important that the dragline arrow turns all the time during the unloading process. And if the soil is collected at the rear side of the cargo vehicle - this is called the longitudinal-shuttle method.

End of development

After that, the development of the excavation is carried out and all the soil is taken out, the slopes are cut off and the bottom is planned. If the bottom is the foundation of the basement, the soil is not removed all - less by 10-30 cm than planned. Bulldozers perform a sweep of the bottom of the excavation. For the refinement of excavations, hydraulic excavators are actively used today. Their working body is telescopic (moves in different directions), and the arrow can extend. Back trench fall asleep when the work on the installation of underground parts of the structure.