Degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language. Types and features

Each of us, studying at school, studied the degree of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language. They are indispensable when it is necessary to compare one characteristic of an object or phenomenon with another. Let's try to understand the intricacies of this topic.

Adjective

Before beginning the study of the topic "Degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian", it is necessary to find out how this part of speech differs from all others. And she really has a lot of features. It is difficult to imagine our speech without this colorful, elegant group. With the help of adjectives, we describe the appearance (low, sympathetic, unpretentious), character (kind, grumpy, complex), age (young, elderly). However, not only human qualities, but also much more can be imagined with their help. For example, no work of art can not do without the use of adjectives. And the lyrics are even more so. Thanks to this part of the speech, stories, poems, novels acquire expressiveness and imagery.

The adjective's name helps to create such artistic means as epithets (dazzling beauty, a wonderful morning), metaphors (golden hands, a heart of stone), comparison (looks like the happiest, the sky is like azure watercolor).

A distinctive feature of the names of adjectives is their ability to form brief forms. The latter always play in the sentence the role of the predicate, which gives this part of speech another advantage - to give any text dynamics.

What is a degree?

Anyone who studies the Russian language is confronted with this question. The degree of comparison of adjectives is a characteristic that helps to compare one object with another.

For example, we have two goals. They are exactly the same, only one of them is slightly different in size. We need to compare them among themselves and conclude: one ball is bigger than the other. We can approach this issue from the other side and note that one ball is smaller than the second. In both cases, we used the word characterizing the degree of comparison of these objects.

Now let's put one more to our objects, but much more. We need to distinguish it among others. How will we do this? Of course, use a comparison. Only now you need to specify that the third ball differs from the first and second immediately. In this case, we will say that it is the largest among them.

It is for this that we need the degree of comparison of the names of adjectives. We will describe each of them in detail below.

comparative

When we have the adjective before us, which no one compares with anything, it is characterized by a positive degree. But if one object is to be compared with another, then we will use the comparative degree of the name of the adjective.

It has two subspecies. The first is called simple, or suffix. This means that the word used in this degree has a suffix characteristic for it.

For example: This table is chic . Neighbor table is more elegant than ours.

In the first case, the adjective is in a positive degree. In the second, the suffix "her" was added to him, and with this he compared one table to another.

The second kind is the compound degree. As the name implies, its formation does not occur with the help of morphemes, but with the use of special words.

For example: This project is very successful . The previous project was more successful .

The word "more" helps us compare one project to another.

Another example: We received valuable information. The previous one turned out to be less valuable .

Now, with the help of the word "less", we indicated a symptom that manifested itself to a lesser degree.

It is worth remembering that the degree of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language, regardless of species, is formed only from qualitative adjectives. Neither possessive, nor relative this ability does not possess.

Superlative degree

In some situations, we do not just need to compare one object or phenomenon with another, but to distinguish it from all the others like it. And here we will also come to the aid of the degree of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language. This degree of comparison is called excellent, which already implies the highest limit.

Like the comparative, it has two varieties.

With the help of suffixes a simple degree is formed.

For example: Ivanov is the strongest of all athletes in the team.

The word "strong" with the suffix -ish-formed an excellent degree and singled out the athlete Ivanov among the other members of the national team.

The following example: The new tulle is the most beautiful of those that I saw.

In this case, the auxiliary word "most" gave this sentence the same meaning as in the previous example. This form is called composite.

Sometimes it can be accompanied by a prefix for amplification: the prettiest.

Features

In some cases, the forms of comparison of adjectives have exceptions.

They include the words "good" and "bad." When we begin to compare objects with them, we will encounter some difficulties.

For example: We had a good evening. Let's try to form a chain of degrees of comparison.

In a simple comparative we will see that the word "good" does not exist. He comes to replace "better". And by the way "bad" we'll choose "worse". This phenomenon in the Russian language is called suppletivism of the foundations. This means that the word must be radically changed to form a comparative degree.

Conclusion

Thus, we managed to find out not only the basics, but also some nuances on the topic "Degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language".

Now this rule will not cause you any difficulties, because it is quite simple.