Defecation - what is it? Painful act of defecation and blood after stool

All living beings, small and large, old and just born to live, need food and breathing to live. Also for the maintenance of life, it is necessary and defecation. What is it is, in general terms, known to almost everyone. And that's why there are problems with defecation and how to cope with them, not everyone knows. Let's try to understand.

Defecation from a medical point of view

In people, defecation is called "going to the toilet in a big way." Sometimes they also use the expression "chair", for example "there was a chair", "there is no chair", "liquid chair" and so on. Physicians call this process a defecation. What is scientific? Defecation or defecation means the process of removing feces from the body (all waste from eating and undigested particles) through the anus. Without this process, no living organism can exist. Defecation in humans should be carried out regularly. A stool is considered to be from two times a day to three times a week. It is also normal to excrete stools easily, without pain, mucus and blood discharge.

Constipation

Almost everyone knows an unpleasant condition called diarrhea. Defecation occurs more often than three times a day, the feces are rarefied. The cause of diarrhea can become a viral disease, poor-quality food, nervous breakdowns. If the act of defecation is less frequent than three times a week, or feces are released in small amounts, you can talk about constipation. This condition is very dangerous for health, as the feces that accumulate in the large intestine gradually stretch its walls. As a result, the neighboring organs are squeezed, their work is disrupted. In addition, harmful and unnecessary substances in the feces are absorbed into the blood and come to all organs, causing their premature aging, undermining immunity and promoting the development of diseases, including cancer.

Why there is constipation

The causes of constipation are many.

1. Psychological, when a person hesitates to go to the toilet or is afraid of painful during the defecation of sensations and deliberately suppresses the urge to defecate.

2. Almentary, caused by malnutrition.

3. Dyskinetic. They can cause regular intake of laxatives or a sedentary lifestyle.

4. Endocrine, associated with diseases of the endocrine glands.

5. Toxic, caused by various poisoning components (drugs, nicotine).

6. Reflexes. They are associated with diseases of the genitourinary system, kidneys and other organs.

7. Psycho-nervous, associated with diseases of the nervous system.

Nutrition with constipation

Depending on the reasons that cause the absence of bowel movements, prescribe treatment. It can be medicated, surgical or dietary. At home, a person can help themselves by changing their diet. So, with constipation, it is recommended to include in the menu products with fiber, which normalizes the work of the digestive tract, in particular the intestine. Plus, cellulose cleanses the body of toxins. It is plentiful in bran, green beans, cabbage, apples, carrots. But those who have constipation accompanied by pain and swelling of the intestines, cellulose is contraindicated. Some are sure that a panacea for constipation is kefir. However, defecation can worsen even further from this product. What does it mean? Fresh yogurt really helps, and a stale, for example, yesterday, further promotes constipation. In order not to be mistaken, yogurt can be prepared at home from milk and sourdough. Very good result with constipation gives prunes in any form, oatmeal, boiled beets. But regularly take laxative doctors do not advise, as this leads to severe disruption in the intestine.

Painful defecation

Pain during defecation is an occasion to consult a urologist, coloproctologist, gastroenterologist or even a therapist. In patients with constipation, feces that do not leave the body for a long time become dry and very hard. Moving along the rectum to the exit, they injure its walls, causing painful sensations. Sometimes on a feces even blood can appear, and pains at attempts to squeeze out from themselves though give something in heart, pulsate in temples, complicate respiration. Diarrhea, as a rule, is also accompanied by soreness. This, so to speak, the most innocuous causes of pain during defecation. More serious causes include tumors, polyps, cracks in the rectum, hemorrhoids. To treat the problem you need to find out its cause. A doctor can assign one or more tests from the following list:

- Fecal matter (coprogram) ;

Irrigoscopy (X-ray of the large intestine with contrast preparations);

-Retromomanoscopy (visual examination by the senoromanoscope);

-colonoscopy (examination of the large intestine with a probe).

Treatment is appointed based on the results. If the pain occurs solely due to constipation, you can recommend the patient every morning on an empty stomach to drink half a glass of warm water with honey.

Stool with blood

If a person finds after defecation blood on napkins, toilet paper, or spotting visible in (on) feces, the doctor should be treated immediately. The doctor will prescribe the necessary examination, which will accurately determine the cause. Preliminary diagnosis can be made according to the color of the blood. Alay speaks about cracks in the anus, about the presence of hemorrhoid cones in the anus, the diseases of some internal organs, in particular the gastrointestinal tract. Chestnut speaks of inflammatory processes or tumors in the intestine. Black occurs when suspicions of cirrhosis, cancer of the digestive tract, ulcer or gastritis. Blood clots can appear with inflammatory processes in the organs of the digestive tract. Blood in the feces is caused by a number of diseases, which can only be determined by a doctor. The diagnosis of the disease according to the color of the feces is very doubtful, since the color of the feces in most cases depends on the type of human food.

What is tenesmus

Teneism is called a false defecation, when a person feels that he wants to go to the toilet, but there is no act of excretion of stool. This condition occurs with irritations of the instrumental (intra-wall) nerve endings in the large intestine, with infectious diseases, for example dysentery, with gastritis, colitis and other gastrointestinal diseases. Sometimes tenesmus occur with a high emotional tension of a person. False urges to act of defecation are observed in the presence of tumors in the large intestine, when a person gives the impression that not all feces are withdrawn, and there is always something in the colon. In some individuals, false desires cause anal sex or the use of medications.

Mucus in feces

If after a defecation, passing without pathological symptoms, mucus is observed in the feces, this is not always a bad thing. Slime must be present in the intestine. It protects its walls from chemical and physical damage, and also helps to promote feces. In addition, mucus in the stool can appear with a cold, runny nose, eating a large amount of cottage cheese, bananas, watermelons, oatmeal. So in minimal amounts, its presence on feces is allowed. But if the mucus is plentiful, or it has a purulent character, there is a suspicion of the presence of such ailments:

-disbacteriosis;

-Hemorrhoids (mucus can go out after the act of defecation is completed);

-liquid colitis;

-bearing of the intestines;

- Tumors, polyps of large intestine;

-cystic fibrosis;

-influence of the suction process;

-glastices;

- bowel obstruction;

-long constipation.

Defecation in children

The baby's organism works somewhat differently than the adult's. Thus, their intestines are longer in relation to body size than in adults, and are in constant pendulum motion. The act of defecation in them occurs reflexively, as soon as a certain quantity of undigested food enters the intestine from the stomach. Therefore, for babies it is normal to have a fairly frequent defecation. What does it mean? Breasts up to 3 months can defecate after each feeding, and the feces should not be formalized. It does not count diarrhea. With age, the number of defecations decreases, and by the year their number should not exceed 1-2 times. Absence of bowel movement in children for a day or more is considered constipation. If breastfeeding, and diarrhea, and constipation of the child can be caused by feeding the mother and insufficient drinking regimen. In addition, childhood constipation causes some congenital malformations (Hirschsprung disease), narrowed or dilated colon, adhesions, tumors. In older children, constipation may be due to prolonged wearing of diapers, fear of defecation, unaccustomed to a pot, and restraint.