Although many people have heard the word "damper", what kind of product is it, not everyone knows. But this device is almost everywhere around us. So where can you find a damper and what is it like?
General information
In German, the word "damper" means "muffle, silencer". By and large, this device is a kind of shock absorber, which is designed to prevent fluctuations that occur in various systems, devices, machines, structures and structures during their operation. How to define in general sense the concept of "damper"? What this is, is quite simple to understand, since all devices that act soothingly and soothingly can be called this term.
Types of dampers
Virtually any products or devices that are designed to mitigate something, called dampers. There are a lot of them. And the most common rubber gasket can be called a "damper". What is this device in a deeper sense, will become clear after considering its main types. Dampers are pneumatic and hydraulic. In this case, there are many varieties. So, hydraulic subdivide into:
- Flux stabilizers;
- Damping pulsations;
- Silencers of water hammers;
- Extinguishers.
Often in the role of hydraulic devices of this type are used membrane, piston or cylinder hydroaccumulators,
Spheres of application of dampers
Pneumatic and hydraulic dampers are used in measuring instruments, automatic regulators, hydraulic systems. The damper winding is used in electric machines (inductor). It prevents a sudden increase in voltage. It also limits the oscillation of the switching currents in the electrical circuit in the event of a short circuit. In road transport a damper is also used. What is this device on the machine? Suspensions of various vehicles use all known shock absorbers, which, in essence, are damping devices.
Indispensable damper (that it is in avionics)
Modern on-board electronic equipment is unable to operate without a damper of aeroelastic vibrations. Each aircraft tests them . The damper is designed to extinguish short-term aircraft fluctuations in an automatic mode. In this case, its role is extremely important, since it is necessary to prevent the build-up of the aircraft, which leads to overloads and destruction of all its structures. Such a damper is a whole system of gyroscopic sensors that monitor the angular movements of the aircraft, an electronic circuit for processing and amplifying signals. But this is not a complete list of the elements of this device. Still there are actuating units included in the mechanical control wiring, which allow monitoring the damper. What does this give the pilot? Due to these units, the damper signals are not mixed with other sounds of the automatic control system.
Other applications of dampers
It is very common to use these devices in speaker systems, called speakers. In this case, the dampener is a rim that attaches the membrane to the frame. Most often for the production of such products are used polymer materials (for high frequencies), foam rubber and rubber (for medium and low). The damper is used to extinguish the residual vibrations of the sound membrane. Also, these devices are indispensable in the production of stringed musical instruments. In this case, the damper is a device designed to suppress vibration of the strings. It consists of several bars (at the harp) and pads (at the piano). For greater efficiency, they are pasted with a filter (soft felt).
Basic properties of the damper
One of the most important properties of this device is the reduction in Q-factor (parameters of the oscillatory system). The principle of its operation is based on the transfer of energy received by the damper to the destruction of metal or heat.
Steering damper
With this device, motorcyclists are particularly common. They know exactly what a steering damper is. What is this detail? Most often, problems with this device arise when driving on a bumpy and uneven road. In this case, the rider notes that the front wheel of the bike starts to "walk", and the steering wheel deviates from side to side, which often leads to a fall. The cause of this malfunction is the imperfection of modern motorcycles. To minimize this problem, a damper is installed, which is a tube filled with oil. It has a stock and a piston inside. The body of this device is attached to the frame. The stem is connected to the front fork. The most popular among bikers are telescopic and rotary steering dampers. In motor transport there is another kind of this device. The steering rack damper is a conventional shock absorber that has a two-way action. It is attached in a special way. It is located on the steering rack between its body and the rods. Most often this kind of device can be found on off-road vehicles. Thanks to him, the driver does not jump out of the hands even when driving on rocks, pits and bumps. This damper is also used in rear-wheel drive vehicles to increase their stability.
Application of the device in the furniture industry
Practically in all modern case furniture the damper furniture is applied. What it is? Such devices are specially designed for these products. Their purpose is to make opening and closing doors as quiet and smooth as possible. They are also used in flaps opening down. Furniture dampers are made of modern, high-strength materials.