Culture of the 19th century

Everyone knows that at the beginning of the 19th century, Russia began to lag behind in economic and political development from Europe. But these lags were compensated by a sharp upsurge in the cultural sphere. Russian culture of the 19th century expressed national self-awareness. It was greatly influenced by the Patriotic War with France in 1812.

The Russian state experienced acute need in educated, comprehensively developed people. With the advent of capitalism in Russia, this problem became the most urgent, and it served as an impetus to the development of culture. Very often the government went against the developing industry. The progressive ideas of writers, publicists, artists were not taken seriously by conservative emperors. The situation was changing rapidly, and very soon the 19th century was called the "Golden Age". And the theater, literature and music of Russia became widely known to the Western public.

The artistic culture of the 19th century, under the influence of the ideas of classicism, left a huge number of masterpieces. Paintings were painted by artists in most cases on biblical themes. It was also often possible to meet mythological subjects or portraits. Our culture of the 19th century presented the stories of two outstanding portraitists - Orest Kiprensky and Vasily Tropinin. They, by the way, left us some amazingly accurate lifetime portraits of A.S. Pushkin. Another famous artist of the 19th century is Karl Bryullov. In 1803, he visited the excavations of the ancient city of Pompeii, which was destroyed by the eruption of a volcano. Bryullov painted a painting called "The Last Day of Pompeii," which glorified him throughout Europe. A little later became famous and the painter Alexander Ivanov. About 20 years of his life he devoted work on the painting "The Appearance of Christ to the People."

At the very beginning of the 19th century the theater was also transformed. On stage, one could see both the productions of foreign authors, such as Shiller or Shakespeare, and domestic ones. Especially popular among the public enjoyed NV. Puppeteer. He wrote various historical plays. After them, the audience liked the satirical comedies of Krylov and Fonvizin. Toward the middle of the 19th century, the theater was heavily influenced by literature. After the permission of Nicholas I on the stage, the premiere of the "Inspector General" (author NV Gogol) took place. A real breakthrough is Glinka's opera The Life of the Tsar.

Russian culture of the 19th century is especially significant in literature. Classicism is gradually replaced by sentimentalism, and then romanticism. Romanticism began to be divided into progressive and conservative. The main figures of this literature trend: Kiichelbecker, Rileyev, Davydov, Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, Baratynsky, Zhukovsky. Also the great Russian writers Lermontov, Pushkin, Gogol sometimes wrote their works in the traditions of romanticism. Then comes a new stage of literature - realism. The founder is considered to be Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. With the publication of his "Eugene Onegin", this flow of literature is considered dominant. "The Captain's Daughter", "Boris Godunov", "The Bronze Horseman" - the most popular realistic works of Pushkin. The real treasures of the "Golden Age" can be called "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov, "Dead Souls" by Gogol and "Hero of Our Time" by Lermontov. Creativity of great writers and poets such as Nekrasov NA Turgenev IS, Dostoyevsky FM, Tolstoy LN accounted for the second part of the 19th century, since that time the development of symbolism, one of the brightest trends of literature, begins.

European culture of the 19th century also experienced changes at that time. The main role here was played by politics. But the culture of the 19th century in Europe was very different from the native one. Imperialism dictated its demands to Europe. At this time, the development of theater and literature slowed somewhat, but a new era of European philosophy began.