Conversational style of speech: genres, sphere of use

Let us analyze the colloquial style of speech. The genres used in it have certain differences. Any conversation consists of certain components, which the speaker chooses at his own discretion.

The main components of the situation

Genres of colloquial-everyday style of speech include the following components:

• Unofficial relations between the interlocutors;
• No installation for a specific message;
• confidentiality.

The first factor implies a kindred, friendly or neutral relationship between the two interlocutors. The second component indicates the official nature of the relationship. For example, we are talking about the answer to the exam, speaking at a meeting, conducting a scientific debate. The third factor assumes the absence of any elements that would lead to a disruption of a full-fledged conversation. Only in the absence of a tape recorder, unauthorized persons, is it a question of the complete ease of communication.

Additional factors

Genres of colloquial style of speech suggest the presence of additional elements that affect the construction and choice of the style of conversation. Among them are:

• Number of participants in the conversation. Depending on the number of interlocutors can go monologue, polylogue or dialogue.
• Conditions for the conversation.
• Use of extralinguistic combinations.
• Presence of everyday experience.

Let us analyze in more detail these additional components of a full-fledged conversation. Genres of colloquial style of speech depend on the number of talking people. For example, a monologue does not imply an exchange of views, and a dialogue without the interaction of two interlocutors is difficult to call full-fledged and held. Any conversational style of speech, genres in which are picked up incorrectly, sounds strange, is not perceived by associates.

Characteristics of monologue

Its main feature is dialogic. He is always directed to listeners who can at any time interrupt the speaker, offer him questions, object or agree with the arguments used in the monologue. In real life, it's hard to imagine a situation where during the lecture the students interrupt the teacher, ask him various questions.

Dialog

What characterizes such a colloquial style of speech? Genres currently used have an interesting story. For example, dialogs were used in ancient Greece. They were characterized by the presence in the conversation of the listener and the speaker. During the conversation, they periodically changed their roles, depending on the situation. And in ordinary conversational speech, neither dialogue nor monologue is used in the pure form. Basically genres of colloquial style of speech, examples of which can be taken from your life, suggest the use of intersecting forms. For example, in the dialogue there are mini-monologues, micro-stories, and the speaker's speech is constantly interrupted by interlocutors, trying to conduct a dialogue.

The polylogue in modern colloquial speech involves mixing individual remarks of each participant in the conversation. What characterizes this colloquial style? Genres in it are intermingled, changing each other. Gradually there is a transition from one topic to another, as a result of the polylogue, the participants in the conversation have time to consider a variety of problems related to various spheres of life and the activities of modern society. For example, a conversation about a specific project is gradually moving into a detailed discussion of the personal qualities of its participants, developers.

Speech conditions

Speech genres of colloquial speech style are divided into personal (contact) conversations and remote (distant) conversations. In the case of a contact conversation, the interlocutors have the opportunity to use facial expressions and gestures as the main means for transmitting certain information. In the case of remote communication, only the ear is used as the main communication channel.

Extralinguistic situation

What else distinguishes the spoken style of speech? Kinds and genres of it assume a support on the situation in which communication (consuitation) is carried out. In the case of easy communication, it is built in such a way that speech and the situation are built into a single whole. It is the situation that causes the use of incomplete sentences, additional expressions, a large number of pronouns. For example, before leaving for work, the hostess inspects her shoes. What should I wear? These or those? Are they dry? It seems so. She uses pronouns, but to understand the situation, others do not need any refinements and additions. Despite the fact that she does not even use the word "boots", the situation is such that the main object of conversation is precisely this wardrobe item.

Life experience

What else is spoken about in speech? Genres, spheres of use imply the existence of everyday experience among all interlocutors. If the participants in the dialogue are familiar with each other for a long period of time, it is much easier for them to conduct a conversation than to those people who know practically nothing about the identity of their interlocutor. The presence of a common everyday society helps communicate with classmates, friends, relatives.

Personal letters

As a separate genre of oral speech, specialists consider telephone conversations and personal letters. Currently, written communications are one of the types of communication between civilized people. Not everyone has the talent to compose beautiful and literate letters, but such abilities can be developed, having an idea of the basic requirements of the epistolary genre. When you start writing a message, you can remember and comprehend those things that do not "pop up" in your head during short telephone calls. A correctly written letter in business is a guarantee of a good income. As for personal letters, they will be repeatedly reread to those to whom they are addressed. Often words can not convey the feelings and emotions that overwhelm a person. Then he takes up a pen, a piece of paper and begins to write down his experiences. Depending on how the letters will be delivered to the addressees, they are divided into three main groups:

• Personal messages are addressed to friends, loved ones, family members;
• Semi-official letters are intended to receive information about the service, the product, its main characteristics;
• Official business letters should be impartial, formal.

Modern students and students often do not have the faintest idea how to write a personal letter correctly, do not use business correspondence. Personal messages are for the most expensive and native people, so they should contain the maximum number of warm and affectionate words. Frankness depends on how close the relationship between the author of the letter and the addressee exists in real communication. It is personal letters that are considered an excellent addition to the dialogue between people. If desired, you can insert a few interesting stories, anecdotes, jokes into the message. Children and teenagers, communicating through letters, draw between the lines flowers and hearts, put into the envelope beautiful cards and stickers. Business correspondence of such "liberties" does not allow. Such letters are characterized by a clear and concise statement of the facts, they are devoid of emotions and additions.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that computer technologies, virtual communication are increasingly entering into the life of modern man, people still continue to communicate with each other, the conversational style of speech is actual. Genres, the scope of its use are so great that they remain relevant and in demand in modern society. For the conversation between people to be interesting, useful, help to solve various problems, to resolve conflict situations, it is important to know and observe the basic rules and principles of dialogue, polylog. In order for the main genres of spoken language to become your allies, help in study, work, do not forget that the monologue can not be interrupted, and dialogue involves mutual communication.