Construction of the roof of the wooden house: the features of the frame and installation

When building any house, a raft system plays a big role , which is made of wood. And from what material the building is built from, nothing depends. Such elements are suitable for any type of roof. Roofing in the end can have any shape, for example, it can be one-run, hip, mansard and so on - there are several options. In this article, let's look at the structure of the roof of a wooden house, discuss its main types and forms, their pros and cons.

Design Features

First of all, when constructing an apartment house, they choose the future form of the frame. It is from this indicator that the roof truss system in the wooden house depends, the complexity of the execution, the material, the operating loads.

Selecting a form

When choosing a form, you should consider the following factors:

1. The amount of precipitation that falls in this region. If this number has the maximum value, then the construction of the roof of the wooden house should be high, at a large angle. If the amount of precipitation is insignificant, choose a flat variant.
2. Type of roofing material. The choice of this element is significantly affected by the slope of the roof. For each type of roof there is a certain indicator.

In some cases, people want to build a roof that matches their personal preferences. In this case, an individual calculation of the loads on the frame is made, proceeding from which a certain type of roof is selected.

The main varieties

The roof structure of a wooden house can be of two types: flat and pitched. The first view is set at an angle of ten degrees. Anything higher will be considered pitched. In turn, these species can have different shapes, each of which affects the characteristics of the coating. The simplest are flat and two-slope types. Next, consider each of them in detail.

One-run

This is the simplest construction of the roof of a wooden house. It is a ramp, the plane of which rests on the bearing walls of the structure of different heights. This design is also used for household structures.

Gable

Among the positive aspects of this species is the following:

1. If the installation is carried out correctly, the thermal insulation properties of the roof will be increased.
2. When building high pitched roofs , an additional space appears, which can be used as an attic.
3. In winter, snow does not stay on the roof and is removed by itself. Due to this, the structure is not subjected to additional loads.
4. The gable roof of a wooden house, whose construction is a triangle, does not retain moisture, which so damages the wood.
5. Gable roof is installed in such a way that rainwater or snow melt water does not enter the wooden walls. This feature increases the life of the house.
6. Inexpensive repair.
7. Installation of a gable roof does not take much time and effort.

Flat

The construction of a flat roof of a wooden house makes it possible to apply it in those parts of the country where a small amount of precipitation falls out. As a rule, such houses are built in the southern regions.

Flat roofing is similar in construction with the roof of high-rise buildings. The creation of such an element does not require large investments, since it is not necessary to erect a massive truss system. Such a system consists of the following elements:

• Strong wooden base;
• Hydro, steam and thermal insulation.

Hip

A feature of this species is the presence of two slopes of triangular shape, which are located near the pediments. These rectangular parts are called hips. The construction of a roof truss system in a wooden house is a rather complicated task, therefore its installation requires special skills. In the upper part, as a rule, a window is installed.

Semi-Walm

This construction is located between two other types of roofs: hip and gable. In comparison with the previous species, it has the form of a trapezium. In the upper part, on the fronts, there are triangular slopes. Here you can also install a window or refine the appearance with the help of a half-shaft.

Hip roof hood

This view resembles an ancient hut, which has a triangular shape. Elements are connected together in one upper point. The sides of the roof are equal on all sides, and the ridge is not available. Such a construction is usually used for rectangular or square houses. It well withstands atmospheric precipitation and strong gusts of wind.

Multi-clasp

Distinctive features of this species is the presence of a lot of indentation, ribs and skates. It is designed specifically for a particular house. The installation of such a design is quite complicated, requiring certain skills, so it is better to entrust the work to professionals.

The design of the dormer roof of a wooden house

In another way, this system is called a broken line. It is located at a certain angle, which is used in the construction of the attic. Thanks to the kink that is on the slope, in the attic you can build an additional room. In addition, a window of any size can be mounted in the roof.

Dome

This species is rare. It has the shape of a cone and does not contain any angles and indentations. This kind is used as separate elements on small structures, for example, on a pergola. When installing a round roof on a large building a lot of time and effort is expended, and this process is quite expensive.

Combined

This kind has the most complex structure of all the above, because it combines several types. It is installed on large structures, where there are gazebos, balconies, etc. It can install windows of both small and large sizes. Such a device of a wooden house is very expensive, and installation without specialists is impossible.

Elements of the roof of a wooden house

The main elements of any roof include: rafter system, crate and mauerlat. There are also additional elements, such as racks, pillars, bolts, etc. They are fastening elements and are responsible for the strength of the entire structure as a whole. Let's consider in detail each basic element.

Mauerlat

It is a wooden beam, which is used as the main fastener for the rafter system. It is located near the supporting walls from different sides. Angular mauerlates are interconnected by means of wooden beams, staples and bolts. Bars are installed at half the section. Mounted Mauerlatt on the bearing walls of the house, or rather, on the anchor. It is tied with clamps or ropes. Then waterproofing is carried out. As a rule, it is carried out from layers of roofing material, although other material can be used.

Roofing system

The basis of any roof is the rafter system. All of its structural elements, dimensions and shape are directly related to the future structure. Particular attention is paid to the correct arrangement of bearing walls and supports. As they can serve wooden beams of different sizes and lengths. Other material can be used.

There are two types of rafter systems: layered and hanging. The first type of wooden system consists of supporting beams that can be installed not only on load-bearing walls, but also on partitions. Hanging construction is also located on the bearing walls, but unlike the previous type does not rely on partitions. To distribute loads between the supports, jumpers are made. They are fixed at the ends. Thus, pressure is perceived not by a separate part of the wall, but by the structure as a whole.

To understand this issue, consider a simple gable roof. The construction of the roof of a wooden house, namely the truss system, depends on the distance between the walls. There are such options:

1. The distance between the bearing walls is less than 6 meters. In this case, the rafter system will be installed on the Mauerlat throughout the area. This design is considered very solid, so it can withstand any roofing material.

2. The distance between the bearing walls is between 6 and 8 meters. In this case, several rafter systems are connected together by means of a bolt.

3. The distance between the bearing walls is between 8 and 12 meters. Such a rafter system has its own characteristics. Wooden beams are installed on the partitions, and one such element suffices. It happens that the distance is 16 meters. Then there are several such supports.

If the house has no internal bearing walls, and the distance is large, it is better to use the suspension type of rafters. In this case, the construction will be based on the tightening, and it, in turn, on the Mauerlat. The tightening must be continuous. If there is no such possibility, then the collapsible one will do.

At the beginning of the work, rafters are always placed on the extreme points of the wall. It depends on them the shape of the roof. The installation of intermediate rafters depends on the insulation material.

What is the significance of the crate?

The cladding is an important binding element in the roof. If it is made of soft material, the crate becomes solid. As it can be a wooden plywood. For stronger and more massive roofing materials, a crate is chosen with a pitch of 50 cm. The strength and appearance of the roof depends on the type of roofing material.

Materials

The construction of the roof of a wooden house can be varied. There are many types of these materials. Among them are the following:

• Roll;
• bitumen;
• Ceramic and metal tiles;
• slate;
• Ondulin.

For small houses and household structures, as a rule, easy roofing is chosen, for example, ondulin, corrugated board and metal tile. The installation of these materials does not take much time and effort. In addition, their low cost attracts more and more people. Ondulin costs from 250 rubles per sheet, metal tile - 300 rubles, profiled - 200 rubles. The market offers a wide selection of both foreign and domestic brands. Each of the materials has its own characteristics, appearance and characteristics.

For large multi-storey buildings, more powerful and heavy roofing material is used, for example, ceramic tiles. Its cost on the market reaches 400 rubles per sheet, while still have to spend money on its installation. Such a roof withstands any atmospheric precipitation, loads, increases the noise insulation properties.

For ordinary buildings, you can use budget materials, for example, roofing material, the cost of which reaches 100 rubles per roll. Before you make the installation of the roof, you should put a heater.

additional information

All elements of the roof of the house require special attention. First of all, they pay attention to the condition of the wood, namely:

• The wooden bar should be of natural moisture.
• The edging board is dried in a special chamber.
• Bonded wooden elements should have a moisture content of 2-3%.

When designing the roof of a wooden house, it is necessary to take into account such an indicator as shrinkage.
If you do not follow this characteristic, you will often have to repair the roof.

The rafter system also requires special treatment. When choosing it, one should take into account such rules:

• The rafter system is being calculated;
• Before the installation of the roof, the wooden house must last at least a year;
• On the roofing material is not worth saving.

If all items are met carefully, then the design will last you a long time.

After finishing the installation, the roof of the wooden house is periodically checked for breakage. In case of detection, they should be immediately eliminated. If this is not done, then the situation will worsen, and you will have to spend even more money on roof repairs.

So, we have examined what kind of roofing materials exist and what is the device of the roof of the wooden house. Now you know what type of construction can be implemented in practice.