Coagulogram: norm and deviation

A blood coagulogram, or hemostasiogram, being a type of blood test, is performed in order to study its coagulation. This analysis is prescribed in cases of operations that involve the loss of blood, as well as to detect abnormalities of blood clotting, both reduced and elevated, which can be the cause of various diseases, for example, thrombosis, heart attacks or strokes.

Coagulogram, the decoding of which is most often represented in special tables characterizing the circulatory system and its analysis for hemostasis, makes it possible to determine the disturbances in the plasma.

Thus, the hemostasiogram is a necessary study in pregnancy, before various operations, during the postoperative period, with varicose veins, autoimmune diseases and liver diseases.

The ability to constantly maintain a liquid form and at the same time to form and eliminate clots, if necessary, is provided by a system of hemostasis in the body. Any violations of blood coagulability can lead to severe consequences.

Hemostasis has some factors that are determined by the laboratory method of investigation. So with primary hemostasis, you can determine: the number of platelets, the duration of bleeding, aggregation and adhesion of platelets, the reaction of the blood clot to other parameters. With secondary hemostasis, the duration of blood coagulation, PTI, APTT, the number of fibrinogens and the like is determined.

So, during pregnancy, a coagulogram (physiological norm) will show an increased coagulability of the blood, which should not cause concern to this case.

Let's consider in more detail which indicators are considered normal in the conduct of this study.

1. Duration of bleeding. Normally, bleeding stops at the third minute after the puncture. An increase in this period may indicate an avitaminosis, a decrease in the number of platelets.

2. Aggregation and adhesion of platelets. Coagulogram (norm): - Adhesion - up to 50% and aggregation - up to 20%. An increase in these indicators may indicate the development of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, or infarction.

3. Retraction of the blood clot. Normally retractive indices vary from forty-eight to sixty-four percent.

4. The duration of blood clotting. Coagulogram (norm): for blood venous - from five to ten minutes, for blood capillary - from thirty seconds to five minutes.

The increase in these time periods may indicate the presence of anticoagulants in the blood or the development of liver diseases or hemophilia. Reduction of time can be observed with severe bleeding.

5. PTI (the most important study with a coagulogram). Based on this analysis, you can determine the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Coagulogram (norm): PTI - from ninety-three to one hundred and seven percent, whereas prothrombin time is from eleven to fifteen seconds. An increase in these indicators may indicate the development of thrombosis, but in some cases this indicates the reception of contraceptives.

6. Fibrinogen. Normally, this figure ranges from two to four g / l. Its change is indicative of pneumonia, inflammatory processes, stroke, burns, hepatitis, cirrhosis, infarction and so on.

7. APTTV. Normally this indicator is equivalent to thirty to forty seconds. It should be noted that with a drop in any blood coagulation index to forty percent, the APTT level will change. However, a change in this indicator may indicate the development of liver diseases, hemophilia and other diseases.

Thus, the process of coagulation represents three interrelated reactions: internal and external coagulation of blood, as well as conversion into fibrin of fibrinogen.