Classification of highways. List of federal roads in Russia

Automobile highways are those transport arteries that connect different regions and settlements of the country. The federal roads of Russia have the greatest significance for our state. But the importance of other automobile routes is also not to be minimized. Let's find out how to classify the roads, and also draw up a list of federal roads in Russia.

Types of road classification

First of all, let's find out by what criteria it is possible to group motor roads. Depending on the criteria, there are several types of classification:

• By value;
• By type of coating;
• On property;
• By class;
• By category.

Below we will look at each type of classification in more detail.

Classification of roads by value

This type of classification in the Russian Federation is determined by a special federal law on roads, published in 2007. According to him, the routes are divided into federal roads of Russia, regional, intermunicipal significance and local. About what this means, we'll talk below.

The federal motorways of Russia are motor roads of national importance. They are financed from the federal budget of the Russian Federation.

Regional roads are motor roads run by the authorities in the regions. They have a local, regional degree of importance and are funded from the appropriate budget. If the regional route provides access to large traffic junctions or other particularly important objects, then in the Russian road classification it is designated by the prefix A, and all others by the prefix K.

The roads of intermunicipal significance serve to connect settlements within the boundaries of one region, but have a lower level of importance than regional routes, and even more so federal highways of Russia. All intermunicipal routes are designated by the prefix H.

All other roads are of local importance. Often they are within the boundaries of one district or even a settlement and have a significant value only for him. They are financed from the budget of that unit of self-government to which they belong.

Types of roads by type of coating

According to the type of coverage, automobile routes are divided into two types: hard-coated and ground. And the first are divided into several subspecies: asphalted, laid out pavers, reinforced concrete tiles, etc. Ground roads do not have any artificial cover.

It should be noted that the list of federal roads in Russia does not include any dirt road. Also you will not find any such road among the routes of regional and intermunicipal importance. But among the local roads they can meet.

Types of roads by ownership

By the right of ownership, the routes of communication are subdivided into national, regional and private. If the issue does not arise with the definition of the owner of nationwide and regional roads, then with private matters, things are somewhat different. So, they can belong to either an organization or an individual. However, we note that the practice of private routes in Russia is not yet very common.

At the same time, it should be emphasized that all roads that are on the list of federal highways of Russia are state-owned.

Classification by class

There is also a classification according to the class of roads. According to it, the roads are divided into three types: motorways, high-speed and regular routes.

The main difference between highways and simple highways is that the first type of trail is not allowed to access the car stream on the highway with an abutment on one level, while in the second type it is possible.

On normal routes, a lower speed mode is set than on the above two. In addition, unlike highways and highways, on such roads intersection with bicycle, car and pedestrian routes in one plane is allowed.

A mandatory attribute of highways and highways is the presence of four or more lanes, with a width of every 3.75 m.

It should be noted that in different parts of the same road can have a different class.

It should be noted that all of these types of highways are included in the list of federal highways of Russia, but there are no highways among the regional highways.

Road breakdown by category

The classification of roads by category can be considered a more scrupulous breakdown of routes by class.

All motorways are of IA category, highways are IB, but the usual routes are divided into five categories at once: IC, II, III, IV and V. IC difference from all other categories of usual routes is that it requires the presence of a separating Marking, both for motorways and highways. The remaining categories of roads of the usual type differ among themselves by the total number of lanes and their width. In addition, unlike other options, trails with categories IV and V allow intersection with the railway and tram tracks at the same level.

All roads of category IA, that is, motorways, are included in the list of federal routes of Russia.

Ways of federal significance

Now let's take a closer look at what routes are included in the list of federal highways of Russia. It includes absolutely all autobahns that connect Moscow with the capitals of other state entities, or connect it with the central cities of the regions of the Russian Federation. In addition, the list of federal highways of Russia may include paths connecting administrative centers of different regions, if such highways have special significance. Also on this list are sometimes included the most significant connecting roads, in particular those that provide entrances to the largest transport interchanges or to communications of federal importance, for example, to large ports.

The federal roads of Russia are of particular importance for the transport system of the country.

Classification of federal roads

All roads included in the list of federal routes of Russia have their own separate classification. About it and our further conversation will go.

Federal roads of Russia are divided into two main types: public use and European routes.

In addition, if the numbering of roads connecting Moscow with foreign capitals or regional centers is used, the prefix M is used. For those routes that connect the central cities of regions with themselves, the prefix R. is used. The federal highways of Russia, of great importance as connecting and access roads, are numbered With the prefix A.

List of federal roads with the prefix M

Now let's take a look at the very list of federal roads in Russia. Federal routes of general importance, connecting Moscow with European capitals and regional centers, have the following names:

• M1 - to Minsk.
• M2 - to Yalta.
• M3 - to Kiev.
• M4 - to Novorossiysk.
• M5 - to Chelyabinsk.
• M7 - to Ufa.
• M8 - to Arkhangelsk.
• М9 - to Riga.
• M10 - to St. Petersburg.
• M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow (under construction).

List of other federal roads

The list of federal highways of the Russian Federation, which connect the central settlements of its subjects, includes 34 routes. The most significant of them are:

• P23 Belarus - St. Petersburg.
• R56 Pskov - Novgorod.
• P92 Orel - Kaluga.
• P119 Tambov - the Eagle.
• P120 Belarus - Orel.
• Р132 Ryazan - Kaluga.
• P208, P209 Penza - Tambov.
• P216 Stavropol - Astrakhan.
• P217- "The Caucasus".
• P239 Kazakhstan - Kazan.
• P298 Kursk - highway P22.
• P351 Tyumen - Yekaterinburg.
• P402 Omsk - Tyumen.
• P404 Khanty-Mansiysk - Tyumen.
• P600 Ivanovo - Kostroma.

The federal highways of the Russian Federation, which serve as connecting and access roads, have 75 items. The most important and the following:

• A103 Schelkovskoe highway.
• A109 Ilinsky highway.
• A113 Ring Road.
• A164 - Transkam.
• A181- "Scandinavia".
• A375- "East".

European roads

In addition, there are federal roads in Russia, which have the status of European transport routes. These include the following highways:

• E18 Finland - St. Petersburg.
• Е20 Estonia - St. Petersburg.
• Е22 Latvia - Ishim.
• E28 Poland - Kaliningrad - Lithuania.
• E30 Belarus - Omsk.
• E38 Ukraine - Voronezh - Kazakhstan.
• Е40 Ukraine - Volgograd - Kazakhstan.
• E50 Ukraine - Makhachkala.
• Е58 Ukraine - Rostov-on-Don.
• E77 Poland - Pskov.
• E95 St. Petersburg - Belarus.
• E97 Ukraine - Georgia.
• E101 Ukraine - Moscow.
• E105 Norway - Yalta.
• Е115 Novorossiysk - Yaroslavl.
• Е117 Georgia - Mineral Waters.
• E119 Moscow - Azerbaijan.
• Е121 Samara-Kazakhstan.
• Е123 Chelyabinsk - Kazakhstan.
• Е125 Ishim - Kazakhstan.
• Е127 Omsk - Kazakhstan.

These federal highways of Russia are important not only because they provide the domestic motor traffic, but also guarantee the stable operation of international transport communication.

Asian routes

In addition, there are Asian international roads. In the classification they are denoted by the prefix AN. But it should be noted that Asian routes are simultaneously classified as prefixes M, P and A, depending on the importance of this route.

For example, the route P258 "Baikal", passing from Irkutsk to Chita, is part of the Asian road AN6 Belarus-Busan (Republic of Korea). Likewise, the M10 St. Petersburg-Moscow highway (another road name is "Russia") is part of the Asian route of the AS8 Finland-Iran and simultaneously the European route E105 Kirkenes (Norway) -Yalta.

Roads under construction

Among the roads included in the list of federal highways of Russia, at the moment only one is being built - M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow. Its main task will be to reduce the flow of vehicles from the highway M10 "Russia", which runs almost in parallel and also connects two Russian capitals. According to the plan, some sections of the new high-speed highway will be paid. In 2014, for drivers, the first section of the route was opened. Earlier it was planned that the entire highway will be put into operation in 2018, but due to the economic crisis that has come about in the country, the terms can significantly shift.

In addition, there are a number of interesting projects, which, if implemented, would have the status of federal routes. But now all of them are only at the idea stage.

Road condition

It should be noted that most federal roads have satisfactory coverage. As for those routes that are subordinate to the authorities of the regions and individual municipalities, their condition is significantly different. Everything depends on which part of Russia they are located in, and how much money can be allocated by local governments for their repair and restoration.

Of course, in the Russian Federation many roads of local importance are in fairly good condition, but there are a sufficient number of routes, the state of which is simply catastrophic, requiring immediate repair of the canvas.

Federal Route Management

The management of federal roads is entrusted to the shoulders of the state company Rosavtodor, or, as it is called, the Federal Road Agency. This company was founded in 2004 and reports directly to the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. From 2012 to the present, its head is Roman Viktorovich Starovit. "Rosavtodor" assesses the quality of federal roads and decides whether to carry out repairs if necessary. The company also draws up a schedule of scheduled road repairs.

In addition, in 2009 the state organization "Russian Highways" was founded, headed by SV Kelbakh. In the management of this organization the routes M1, M3 and M4 were transferred.

The importance of federal roads

It is difficult to overestimate the importance that Russia's federal roads have for the transport system of the country. The list presented earlier demonstrates that they connect the most important settlements and communications for the Russian Federation. Therefore, it is very important to ensure their content in a satisfactory manner, preventing destruction, the correct distribution of traffic flow.

Moreover, in order to optimize the flow of road transport, it is necessary to build a number of large federal routes, the construction of which may happen in the near future.