Child development by months to a year. Important stages of the child's mental and physical development before the year of life

Here in your family came the long-awaited holiday. You can be congratulated on adding to the family. You must understand that a very important period in the life of the family has come. Now every day will bring joy and unexpected discoveries.

If we talk about how quickly and entertaining the development of the child takes place by months, then the first year can be called the brightest. Baby every day he knows the world, carefully observes the surrounding. He learns to smile, sit, crawl, walk. Each baby develops individually, but there are many common criteria that apply to all children. Today our theme is "Child's development by months to a year."

First month: introduction

This period can be considered adaptable in the life of the child. Seventy percent of the time he sleeps. Sleep is very important for a newborn. The physical development of the child in 1 month is particularly noticeable. It grows by an average of 3 centimeters. His body gets used to a new, unfamiliar environment. During wakefulness, the baby randomly waving handles, clenched into fists, and legs bent at the knees. By the end of the first month, he can already hold his head briefly, fix his gaze on the bright toys, the faces of his parents, clearly make out vowel sounds. Specialists in pediatrics are sure that it is very important to put the baby to the breast of the mother in the first two hours after birth. At this time, an invisible contact appears between the mother and her offspring. A woman begins to feel the emotions and needs of her baby from a distance.

No less important is during this period food. In the presence of mother's milk and its good quality, the child collects about 600 grams per month. During feeding the baby should not be rushed. For him, this is not just a process of nutrition - he enjoys warmth and communication with his mother.

Reflexes

At birth, the child has some natural reflexes that help him adapt in the new environment. Some of them are lost in the first months of life. Such reflexes are:

• Sucking;
• Grasping (if you put a finger to his pen, he will squeeze it);
• Swimming (putting the baby on his belly, you will see that he starts to make swimming movements);
• Search (when the child is looking for the mother's breast).

Other reflexes remain with the little man for life:

• Sneezing;
• Blinking;
• Wince;
• Yawning, etc.

Due to the presence of reflexes in the baby, pediatricians determine the child's mental development. Young mothers need to not only surround the child with warmth and care by the end of the first month of life, but also to accustom them to a clear day-night regime.

The second month: we find out my mother

This period of life is sometimes called the "revival" time. The kid can not only look at your face, but he also feels your emotional state. When the mother comes to the bed, the child begins to randomly wave his legs and handles. At 2 months, a little man holds his head more confidently. His height increases by about three centimeters, and the gain in weight should be about 800 grams.

The third month: we begin to "talk"

Child development by months to a year is very interesting to observe. Your baby, if you put it on your tummy, can already lean on your forearms, hold your head for a longer time.

During this period, it is often important to turn it over the tummy. This will help digestion, relieve the gas, strengthen the muscles of the neck and back. Take care that the baby does not lie for a long time on his side - it can provoke the curvature of the spine. The development of a child in 3 months of life is characterized by the fact that the baby is already more focused on the bright toys. He "talks" with himself, can pronounce not only the vowels, but also some consonant sounds. He is more interested in surrounding things and events. He is already becoming a completely independent person - he pulls out the nipple from his mouth, and then tries to shove it back on his own. For this month, the child "grows heavy" by another 800 grams and grows by 3 centimeters (average).

The waking period is increased to one and a half hours. At this time, take the baby in his arms, talk with him, walk around the room, kiss him, hug. Proper development of the child by months to a year is very important for his further physical and mental health, so you have to follow him very closely.

Fourth month: keep your head!

During this period, the baby already reacts to the sound, keeps the head well. When he lies on the tummy, he leans on the handles and knows how to straighten them. He reaches for toys and can grab them, look around and taste them. And most importantly - the baby is already able to distinguish his mother from other adults. For the fourth month the weight of the child is increased by about 750 grams, and the height - by 3 centimeters.

Fifth month: learn to crawl

The physical development of the child by months becomes more intense precisely in this period. This is a kind of new stage in its development. He already knows how to turn over. Some particularly active kids try to sit, crawl, stand on their legs. At this time it is important to hold a crumb, to teach to walk.

The child already easily distinguishes native people from strangers. More confidently "talking", though not yet conscious. For the fifth month the child will gain about 700 grams in weight, and will grow somewhere by 2 centimeters.

Sixth month: sitting alone

During this period, the kid already knows his name. What changes when the child turns 6 months old? Development, the regime of the day are moving to a new level. The baby is already much more awake, knows the time of feeding and sleeping well.

Without help, the child is able to sit. He holds his toys well, shifts them from the handle to the handle. Lying on the tummy, the kid pulls up his legs and tries to kneel. He learns to repeat individual syllables - "ba-ba", "ma-ma".

At this time, many mothers are beginning to actively feed the baby. However, try not to give him sweet and salty foods, because at six months the intestines and kidneys are not yet ready for such a load. The pediatrician will individually advise you about the lure.

At this age, your beloved kid turns into a fidget. He easily turns from the back to his tummy or on his side, he can distinguish objects. If, for example, you ask him to show an hour, he, looking around, will definitely show you where they are.

Seventh month: learn to walk

With the help of a kid, he can walk around the room, crawls on his own, but mostly backwards.

At this age, kids love to swim. This is because they are already quite confidently sitting and can play with toys in the tub. While bathing, tell the baby how the parts of his body are called, showing them. This promotes memorization, and soon the child will easily show where his leg is, where his finger is.

Changes are observed in the baby's diet. At this age it is useful for cottage cheese and meat, which replenish the reserve in the body of calcium, which is necessary for the growth and formation of teeth, as well as potassium, important for a good work of the heart. In addition, the child needs protein for muscle growth. For the seventh month, the baby will gain about 700 grams and 2 centimeters in height.

Eighth month: moving confidently

The most important thing at this time is not to leave the child unattended, because he is already moving independently and sitting down. The kid reacts briskly to new toys. He is already able to distinguish the father and mother from unfamiliar people in photography. I'm interested in "ladushki" with interest. A crumb knows that when someone says goodbye someone should wave a pen, tries to eat on their own.

Ninth month: independent steps

Using a chair, chair or sofa, the child becomes alone on the legs and moves. He often falls, cries, but rises again. The kid at the age of nine months with pleasure repeats words for adults, sometimes separate syllables. Already he can drink from the cup, of course, if the adult supports it from below.

The tenth month: the first words

So, in your family there lives almost an adult person - a child of 10 months. The development of the baby is so fast that you do not have time to rejoice in his new achievements. Let's try to note all his successes. For the tenth month the baby grows by about 1.5 centimeters (from the moment of birth it grew by about 22 centimeters). During the same period, he will gain 450 grams in weight (the total increase will be about 6.5 kg). Naturally, these figures are indicative.

A child of 10 months, the development of which occurs more rapidly, sleeps during the day most often 1 time. Duration of daytime rest is about 2-3 hours. Sometimes a child needs to sleep twice a day, but for one hour. This mode is suitable for very active children. At night, the child must rest for at least 9-10 hours. Remember - if the baby does not sleep enough, it will be capricious, refuse to play, badly to eat. Physical and psychological development of the baby is individual. However, if there is a pronounced deviation in the values of growth or body weight in one direction or the other, it is necessary to consult a specialist to make sure that the baby's health is ok. Quite often, such violations are the first, and sometimes the only sign of the existing pathology.

At 10 months the baby is very mobile. He does not like to be constantly in the arena, but more movements and a variety of impressions are needed. More and more of his time he is in an upright position. The speech of the child also develops significantly. This is no longer a simple imitation of adult speech. He carefully pronounces syllables "ma-ma", "ba-ba", and does it with different intonations.

The menu of the ten-month-old child is already quite diverse. It includes milk porridge, vegetable puree, cottage cheese, meat, fish, fruits, vegetable purees and juices. Part of the food - a solid consistency (this contributes to the development of the gastrointestinal tract, the formation of teeth). By the end of the tenth month, the baby should have four teeth cut. Very cool, if at this age mother can still breastfeed. This usually occurs after a basic meal or at bedtime. However, it happens that babies need such communication with their mother more often.

Eleventh month: imitating adults

What achievements can a child boast of 11 months? The development of crumbs continues. The kid can already rise and stand alone. Quite confidently, he is able to pass with the help of a high chair, holding for him with one hand. A child at this age likes to imitate adults - opens and closes doors, takes a spoon in his hand and tries to eat it himself. With the greatest pleasure, the kid throws toys on the floor. His fingers are already very dexterous, and he can easily take the smallest objects.

A child of 11 months, whose development of speech also does not stand still, already quite meaningfully pronounces simple words. He already understands a lot, becomes extremely observant and wants to emulate adults, that's why during this period parents should be especially attentive to their speech, then not to exclaim: "Where did he get this?"

Twelfth month: accept congratulations

So you waited until your first birthday. Your baby turned 1 year old! With what achievements did he come to his first significant date? To remember how this complicated process took place, we advise parents to keep a calendar of child development by months.

Most children at 12 months are already beginning to walk, and the most active kids even run. At first, the baby clings to the mother's hand and carefully takes the first steps, and later the baby continues to walk on its own. In his eyes, you will see both fear and joy - he wants to be like you.

During the first attempts to learn to walk for a child there should be a lot of free space. The kid should not get hurt and feel the pain. This can delay his attempts to learn to walk for a long time.

At one-year-old age, the child must confidently put the cubes one on top of another, put rings on the rod. He makes ten or twelve words quite distinctly. In addition, the kid babbles something in one language he understands. He knows and shows with pleasure where he has ears, eyes, pens, etc.

The kid shows where the mother, brother or father is. The child is already very mobile. It's great. However, it is necessary to protect the child from injuries as much as possible. Carefully inspect the apartment and try to close or soften the corners, where a small man can get hurt. And most importantly - do not leave it unattended for a minute, especially if the child is very active.

Today we considered the topic "Child Development by Months to Year". We hope that our article will help you grow a healthy and strong baby. And another tip for young mothers. If you have any questions about the physical or mental development of the baby, do not hesitate to ask their pediatrician. Remember that at this stage it's your true friend and adviser.