Characteristics of working conditions, sample filling. List of professions with hazardous working conditions

Not every worker will be able to correctly assess the conditions of his work. This article will tell you all about the environments that representatives of the most diverse professions have to face.

What is a production characteristic?

In various cases of necessity, the administration is obliged to issue to the employee an official document called a "production characteristic". This document can be presented in different forms and types, because everything will depend on the goals for which it will be needed.

Of course, all kinds of production characteristics will be very difficult to calculate. However, it is worth highlighting the three most common types of this document. These include:

Production characteristics from the place of work . Written information in any form; The main condition here is the description of the professional, public or official activity of the employee, as well as the assessment of personal and business qualities.

A production characteristic of the working conditions for a student who passed industrial practice at the enterprise. This form of the document is not so common, but it also has a place to be. In this case, the certificate is made in free form. It is provided by its head of practice or a representative of the organizational personnel service.

Production characteristics of the worker's working conditions, necessary for the passage of the VTEK (medical labor expert commission) and ITU (medical social expertise). This form of the document is one of the most famous and widespread. It is compiled during the full medical examination of the patient. The degree of loss (partial or total) of a worker's ability to work is determined, the group of his disability is determined. All this is necessary, of course, for the results of the examination of the compliance of working conditions with the health of the employee. The very same document is issued by the employer, pre-designed in full compliance with the hygienic characteristics. Also, the certificate should include the characteristics of labor productivity, all standards of employee development, etc. If the company has a medical point, the doctor should fill in the description. However, the certification of the document with the signature of the head or the head of the personnel department will remain binding.

About harmful working conditions

Many know that the current legislation is obliged to provide people that work in a sphere with harmful working conditions, some guarantees and benefits. What are these guarantees and what form do they have? The answer to this question is very complex and difficult. After all, there are many classifications that determine the norms for granting benefits to employees. Therefore, it is worth turning to another, more important question: what kind of labor environment is considered harmful and unsafe for workers' health?

A long description of the working conditions of representatives of various professions allowed us to identify the following main factors that constitute harmful occupational conditions:

• Measures of tension of working conditions. This includes long work without a break, very monotonous, often involving emotional and intellectual spheres.
• Measures of severity of working conditions. These are constant dynamic and static loads, associated, as a rule, with physical labor. This also includes minor irritating factors like an uncomfortable position in the performance of work, a large number of repetitions of any actions, etc.
• Chemical criteria. Considered if the work has an effect on the human body of various hazardous substances (acids, alkalis, reagents, etc.). Dustiness or gas pollution, heavy stuffy air - all this also has to do with the criteria in question.
• General physical criteria. Perhaps the most common group of factors; All because there are not corresponding to the norm temperature, high humidity, all kinds of radiation - ionizing or non-ionizing, air speed, vibration and noise, insufficient illumination and much more. Workers with harmful hazardous working conditions are in most cases precisely this category. The majority of enterprises in many countries of the world are also suitable for the group of criteria under consideration.
• Biological factors. This is a very narrowly specialized group, suitable only for those enterprises where there are biological organisms of different degrees of danger. Of course, these organisms are divided into two groups: microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses and spirochetes) and macroorganisms (animals and plants).

One more question remained unsolved: how can you determine whether a particular type of work is harmful? There is a special governmental decree of the Russian Federation No. 870. All official information about the type of occupations should be taken from there. However, this document, unfortunately, will not be understood by the majority of the population, because it is a framework document. There are still orders from the Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development, but most of them rely on old Soviet regulations, which included lists of organizations, shops and positions that may be considered unsafe for health. What are these lists? This will be discussed later.

List of professions with hazardous working conditions

A full list of works containing unsafe and unsafe working conditions is regulated in Government Decree No. 665. This document describes the entire list of beneficiaries who have to work in dangerous, severe or harmful conditions. Below, however, an abridged list of those categories of citizens that are involved in unsafe professions will be provided. As of 2016, this includes:

• Workers of the mining industry;
• Metallurgists mining non-ferrous and ferrous metals;
• Workers producing generator gases;
• Workers, workers in chemical companies;
• Persons who have gunpowder, ammunition, various explosives in their work, etc.
• Employees of oil and gas organizations, as well as organizations producing coal, shale materials, gas condensate, etc.
• Persons associated with metalworking;
• Workers, in one way or another related to radio engineering and electronics;
• Employees of electrotechnical enterprises;
• Employees of enterprises producing construction materials;
• Workers of glass and porcelain factories;
• Persons engaged in the production of fiber, paper, cellulose;
• Workers who produce drugs and various medications;
• Employees of transport services and organizations;
• People associated with nuclear energy and the nuclear industry.

Builders, welders, agricultural workers, locksmiths, stokers, and many other persons involved in physical work in one way or another - all of them also fall into preferential categories and fall into the list of occupations with harmful working conditions.

The procedure for the assessment of working conditions

In 2013, Federal Law No. 426 was introduced into circulation. It was decided to carry out a special procedure called "Assessment of working conditions in the workplace". The head of an organization that previously only certified the available workplaces, after the adoption of the Federal Law, was to begin periodically to carry out the operation under consideration.

A sample of the labor conditions for WECC is given below.

So, what is a special assessment of working conditions in the workplace and why is it necessary? This assessment is a kind of set of certain operations, a specific characteristic of working conditions, directed:

• On the detection of unsafe factors in production and in the sphere of the labor process;
• On the assessment of the level of influence of these factors on workers.

Upon completion of this evaluation, you must:

• To provide all employees with protective equipment (both collective and individual);
• Establish all necessary guarantees and benefits for workers;
• To conduct medical examinations (preliminary and periodic);
• To establish additional tariffs for contributions to the Russian Pension Funds;
• Calculate the discount on "injury";
• Prepare reports in the form of statistics on working conditions.

To whom are all the above events addressed? Assessment of working conditions at workplaces should be carried out with respect to all working individuals, with the exception of homeworkers and workers working remotely. There is also no evaluation of persons who entered into labor relations with an employer - an individual who is not an individual entrepreneur.

How the evaluation of working conditions should be conducted is written in a variety of publications and articles. However, the most accurate source is, of course, FZ No. 426. It is worthwhile to draw attention to another important question: at what time should the given set of measures be carried out?

When is the assessment of working conditions?

Estimating characteristics of labor conditions should be made at least once in five years. A complex of measures is presented, of course, without fail - regardless of whether any harmful conditions were previously found, or not. There are also a number of factors that facilitate the implementation of unscheduled inspections of working conditions. Here are some situations that may contribute to conducting an off-plan check:

• Newly organized workplaces are put into operation;
• The head of the organization receives a "message" from the state labor inspector about an unscheduled audit;
• The composition of the raw materials or material used varies (but only if such materials can adversely affect the employees of the enterprise);
• The process itself is changing, the production equipment is being replaced (again, only if such equipment is unsafe);
• The means of collective or individual protection are being replaced or modernized;
• At work is an emergency or an accident;
• A proposal for an unscheduled audit of an enterprise from a trade union or other representative body.

So, the general characteristics of working conditions and the evaluation of working conditions can occur much more often than once every five years. According to statistics, most enterprises face unscheduled inspections quite often. That is why the management of this or that enterprise needs to be extremely careful and cautious. Proper care for their employees will help to develop production qualitatively and get rid of too frequent, and therefore intrusive, checks.

4 and 3 classes of working conditions

Evaluation of working conditions is completed by the establishment of certain classes and subclasses in the workplace. The given action is spent to define additional tariffs in the Pension fund of the Russian Federation, their sizes and a parity.

So, what are the classes of working conditions? Everything depends on the level of harmfulness; There are four levels:

• Level 4 - dangerous;
• Level 3 is harmful;
• Level 2 is valid;
• 1 level - optimum.

What constitutes a dangerous class of work? If we try to briefly characterize such a group of professions, then we can say that the worker is exposed to a dangerous and harmful production environment that somehow can endanger the life and health of the worker. There is a high risk of acute occupational diseases.

The third class, called harmful, can be established in the workplace only if the working people are influenced by unsafe factors that exceed the established norms. This group of working conditions is divided into the following subclasses:

3.1. This subclass is characterized as a set of working conditions in which the worker's body requires a slightly longer time to recover. Work shifts and days off should be calculated.

3.2. This subclass is characterized by the appearance of light diseases in the employee due to the profession.

3.3. Characterized by the occurrence of working diseases of an average degree.

3.4. Characterized by the emergence of workers' diseases in severe and acute form.

2 and 1 classes of working conditions

The second group is the working conditions that are considered acceptable. This includes unsafe factors in production, which nevertheless do not exceed the established hygienic and sanitary standards. Of course, various established types and characteristics of working conditions prescribe that workers belonging to the second class can still have an insignificant risk of getting sick due to not the best working environment. However, according to the documents, the body of such workers is able to fully recover to the next working shift. In addition, harmful factors will not have a negative impact on humans in the long or short term.

The last group is the working conditions that are optimal. Established only when there are no hazardous or harmful factors at work, and there is a favorable microclimate that promotes balanced physical and mental loads. Overloads for workers of the first group are not allowed.

Thus, the classes of labor conditions presented above are spelled out quite clearly and simply. It is not so difficult to determine to which group the particular profession belongs.

On the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions

In 2008, on May 31, the order of the feds was issued. Service for human well-being and consumer protection under the number 103. It is this document that approved the instruction for conducting activities related to hygienic and sanitary assessment of working conditions. In order to better understand how the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions should be carried out, it is worth "walking" on the very order. So, in order to compile the characteristic of labor under consideration, which is performed by the worker with the diseases that have arisen in the course of his professional activity, the following recommendations should be followed:

1. All necessary information about the conditions of work of an employee who has professional diseases is identified and collected.
2. The considered characteristic should be no more than 7 days.
3. The characteristic should be compiled in 4 copies and signed by the management specialists.
4. If necessary, additional documents and references should be requested.
5. If a worker has been diagnosed with a preliminary diagnosis, any documents must be used, which will be confirmed by production factors unsafe for the life and health of the employee.
6. In describing the employee's working conditions, job responsibilities, as well as information that comes directly from the employee himself, must be taken into account.
7. All information about physiological, laboratory or instrumental studies should be presented as an appendix to the characteristic under consideration.
8. The opinions of the worker himself, as well as of his superiors, witnesses and some other persons can be used when the composition of the worker's working conditions is compiled and filled in when he reveals a professional disease.

How do they fill in the characteristics of the working conditions?

Unfortunately, not all the people who manage this or that organization know how to properly compile and issue a professional description. That is why it is worthwhile to consider a rather important and vital question: how correctly is the characteristic of the worker's working conditions directed for the survey?

What kind of form do you need to take? In most cases, the characteristic under consideration is written on a blank form, although this is absolutely not an obligatory condition. At the top of the list, the worker's FIO, his date of birth, address, telephone number and, if any, the place of study, are indicated.

After a short description of the previous activity of the worker is compiled. It is necessary to describe the past work of a professional person, his awards and achievements, received professional injuries, etc. This is a mandatory item if a characteristic of the working conditions of the WTEC is drawn up.

A sample of the characteristics of labor conditions for ITU can be seen in the photo below.

Next, you need to describe the actual place of work of the person. This is done as much as possible. Indicates the mode of work, loads, breaks for rest or lunch, temperature and pressure in the premises and much more. However, it is not worth attributing all the harmful production factors here, otherwise confusion may arise. This should be done in a separate paragraph (or chapter). To do this, you need to specify the exact level of noise, vibration, hazardous substances in the air, etc. Here you should also write down all the data about the employee's business trips (if any). In "Conclusion" you can write about the possibility of transferring to a lighter and less dangerous job.

The created document is signed by the head of the personnel department, the head of the legal department, the chief doctor and the head of the enterprise. Of course, there must be a seal.

On the characteristics of working conditions in the employment contract

As is known, when taking a person applying for a job to a vacant place in an employment contract, the latter should be filled in with the column "Working Conditions". It would seem that there are no problems. However, many enterprises are often subjected to numerous unscheduled inspections, and therefore there is no special evaluation of working conditions . What to do in this situation? Refuse to hire anyone in principle, until the application for a special evaluation is not answered? It is unlikely that this is the right way out.

Of course, to continue to recruit various people is still worth it. However, there is a small nuance. So, before conducting a special evaluation of labor conditions, it is highly undesirable for the employer to include in the labor contract any guarantees and compensation for harmfulness. Do it best afterwards, when the verification and evaluation will be completed. Such actions are justified legally and legally.

It should also be noted that with the assessment of labor conditions should not be delayed. Characteristics of working conditions in an employment contract must be formalized as soon as possible.