Central Federal District of the Russian Federation

On the territory of the Russian Federation there are a lot of subjects, including counties, regions and republics. Each of them plays an important role in the development of the country and has a number of its features. But there is a key subject. This is the Central Federal District, which has been the historical and economic core of the state for many centuries. In this article, we will examine the economic situation of the district, its geography, attractions and other features.

General information

The central federal district of the Russian Federation is the territory of the country with the largest population density. It was established in 2000 by presidential decree of Vladimir Putin. There are no republics in the district, it includes only the regions and the capital city of Moscow. It is also the administrative center of the district and the largest city. The name does not come from the geographical location of the district, but from its historical function.

This territory has always been the most developed economically, culturally and politically. The district has the best educational institutions of the country, the most advanced system of transport communications has been established. Within its limits, successfully develop: automotive, instrument making and other industries. Many residents of Russia and other countries come to a permanent place of work in the Central Federal District or Moscow as the most prestigious and promising cities for living and development.

Geography

The regions of the Central Federal District occupy an area of 650,200 square kilometers. This is almost 4% of the entire territory of Russia. The Central Federal District is located on the East European Plain. On the borders of the district converges with Belarus and Ukraine.

In the CFD, mixed, deciduous forests grow. Part of the territory is occupied by steppes and forest-steppe. There are also some large rivers: the Volga, the Don, the Dnieper and the Western Dvina. The climate is temperate. The average temperature in winter is -15 degrees Celsius, in the summer - 22 degrees.

A large number of fossils are mined in the territory of the Central Federal District. These include phosphorites, cement raw materials, granite, coal. Almost 20% of all railways in Russia extend in the Central Federal District.

Population

In the Central Federal District of Russia, there are 39,209,580 people. On one square kilometer there are 60 people. This is more than 25% of the total population of the country. Almost half of them live in the capital of the Central Federal District. Moscow and its suburbs have become home to more than 17 million citizens.

An important fact is that the population continues to grow. For 7 years, its number has been continuously increasing. Every year, 200-300 thousand people come to the territory of the Central Federal District. The birth rate also rises. Since 2002, there has been an increase in the life span of people living in this part of the country.

The majority of the population is Russian, almost 90% of the total number of inhabitants. On the second place Ukrainians, with their share of only 1%. Next come Armenians, Tatars and Azerbaijanis with a share of less than 1%. Among the languages also dominated by the Slavic group, that is, the Russian language. Its share is 92%.

sights

On the territory of the Central Federal District there are significant sights of Russia.

Kolomna Kremlin. One of the most impressive places in the country. The Kremlin was built between 1525 and 1531 and served as an impregnable fortress for the Moscow State for many years. To date, only a part of the fortress, several walls and 7 towers have been preserved. Within the Kremlin were built the Assumption Cathedral and a couple of chapels, which are also worth a visit.

Smolensk fortress wall. The wall was erected in the period from 1595 to 1602. Its length is 6.5 kilometers. The Smolensk fortress was an important tactical territory for the Russian state. Since the beginning of the 17th century, many times it was stormed by enemy troops, so for today only a part of the fortifications remained from it.

Khopersky reserve. Founded in 1935, the reserve played a decisive role in saving the Russian desman, whose population was declining. The reserve is one of the richest in Eastern Europe. On its territory there are 400 lakes, which each spring flooded up to 80% of the entire area of the reserve. The Economic Department of the Central Federal District pays special attention to the development of this nature protection zone.

Economy

Almost 34% of the total gross regional product falls on the Central Federal District. It is also worthwhile to write 22% of agricultural and 26.5% of industrial product.

The total share of industry in the CFA is approximately equal to 20% of the total country. The Black Earth region, which has become the unspoken core of Russia, takes precedence over industrial production, scientific and technical potential, engineering and other industries.

The CFD also leads in terms of socio-economic development, if compared with other federal districts of the country. On its territory there is a large number of specialists with the spheres of the production and technical plan.

CFD produces more than 22% of the country's total electricity, 19% of ferrous metals. Here, a large number of dairy products are produced, from which up to 30% of all bread is exported and very much alcohol (almost half).

Education and Science

More than 80% of all scientific developments in Russia are conducted in the Central Federal District. Scientific laboratories and centers concentrated within the district, represent almost the entire potential of the whole state. Scientists from all over the country fly to Moscow to get funds for the development of their activities or to start working with other able figures.

An important role in this is played by the education system of the Central Federal District. Almost 40% of universities are located here, and a third of all students are trained in this district. Educational institutions in Moscow and the Moscow region enjoy great success among young people, since it is believed that it is in Moscow universities that you can get a decent education with a great deal for the future and the opportunity for further development.

Innovations

Up to 25% of all innovative ideas and developments are born within the CFD. This is facilitated by scientific centers and technology parks like Skolkovo. On their territory, new ideas are constantly being developed. Engineers working at Skolkovo are engaged in projects for international companies, create web services and other high-tech products for both general use and for private enterprises. An important aspect in the development has always been feedback. Specialists from all over the country constantly share their experience, gather conferences and give Russia new talents, which are developed by the state every day, technologically somewhat lagging behind others. Many graduates of Russian and foreign universities today work in IT companies located in the Central Federal District.

Transport system

One of the most advanced and large-scale transport systems operates in the Central Federal District. Through its territory extends the Trans-Siberian Railway. Among the types of vehicles used within the CFD, it is possible to distinguish railway transport, automobile, aviation, water, as well as underground (Moscow metro).

The length of motor roads in this region in 2010 is 146,391 kilometers. Through the Central Federal District there are 65 main railway tracks. Here, the Moscow transport junction is localized (among other things, the largest in Russia).

As for air transport, in addition to all known Vnukovo and Sheremetyevo, there are 29 other airports in the Central Federal District. All of them are managed by the Federal Transport Agency.

Another important type of transport operating in this district is pipeline. Here are the longest pipelines in the country. For example, the main oil pipeline Nizhny Novgorod - Ryazan. Its length is as much as 230 kilometers.