Cellars in a private house. How to insulate a cellar and make heating?

There is a basement in almost every private house. As a rule, it stores fresh harvest and pickles, as well as unnecessary things. In addition, it is often rebuilt into a dwelling.

Types of basement

Cellars in a private home can be of very different purposes, according to which the underground is divided into several types.

• Cellar. Its function is to store vegetables and fruits, as well as domestic preparations for the winter period of time.
• Utility room. It is good to place engineering facilities, such as water heaters, boilers, filters. This makes it possible to remove bulky appliances from the bathroom or kitchen, and use the useful space with benefit.
• Ground floor. Ideal for creating in the basement of a billiard room, gym or cabinet.
• Workshop. Such a cellar in a private house will be just a salvation for lovers to make something with their own hands. If you want, you can divide the room into two parts: a workshop and a warehouse where the tools will be stored.
• Basement-garage. This is the most popular option. However, it should be remembered that the main condition in the construction is to make a convenient entry. Such cellars in a private house should be quite spacious, as they will not only store the car, but also if necessary, its minor repairs.

Construction of a cellar

If the basement in a private house is planned for technical use, the height of its walls should be in the limit of 1.8-2.2 m. For a residential basement room, the optimal height is 2.5 m.

The order of performance depends on the groundwater. If they are located close enough, then, first of all, form the floor. If they are not available, then you can start building walls.

How is sex made?

The floor in the basement of a private house is done as follows. Dig a hole that has a margin in width for the formwork, form a sand cushion with the addition of crushed stone. Next, arrange the formwork, lay the waterproofing with subsequent reinforcement and pour concrete.

If the walls were first erected, a sand cushion is simply poured with concrete. Between the walls lay a layer of waterproofing. In this case, formwork is not needed. Here the main thing is to dig a hole.

How to make walls?

When building monolithic cellars, the walls are equipped with the technology of a strip foundation. Digging trenches, at the bottom of which pour sand and set the formwork. After the waterproofing works are completed, a reinforcing mesh is laid and concrete is poured.

If you first need to fill the floor, in this case, the formwork for the formation of walls is established only after the concrete has completely hardened. Otherwise, due to the severity of the solution, the formwork braces can be pressed into the floor and form completely unnecessary depressions.

The walls can be built of bricks. But the performance of this work requires accuracy; It is necessary to ensure that the walls are erected strictly horizontally and vertically. Masonry begins to be performed from the corner and is maintained up to the 7th row.
It is recommended every half a meter to reinforce the reinforcement structure.

We must not forget about the place of the doorway. The lintels are made of reinforced concrete or wood.

Another option for building walls is the use of blocks. This method significantly saves time - the basement in a private house of blocks can be built quite quickly. The only thing that will need to be done is to align each block both vertically, horizontally, and also by the level of the wall. Start laying best from corners.

Basement waterproofing

In the construction of the basement, even in the driest place, it is necessary to make a high-quality waterproofing. It should be remembered that the rain showers and the breakthrough of the water pipe have not been canceled yet.

Internal waterproofing

If the basement is built of bricks or blocks, you need to secure the gaps that are available between the joints. The waterproofing mastic is applied 2 cm thick. Additionally, it is possible to process the blocks with mastic. Now the plaster works begin . The walls are filled with plaster and put plaster. Proceed to the floor. The joints between the walls and the floor are smeared with bitumen.

External waterproofing

This work is necessary to ensure reliable protection against moisture from external walls and under the floor. The best means for protecting the floor is the clay, tamped at the bottom of the pit, which is covered with a double layer of roofing material and coated with bitumen.
The walls are protected in a similar way. However, first you need to check that the horizontal waterproofing protrudes beyond the wall by 15 cm. Further along the entire height of the walls lay a roofing material, which should go over the surface by about 20 cm.

How to insulate the basement of a private house?

As you know, the basement in a private house refers to the coldest and damp place, which involves not only waterproofing, but also insulation. In the winter period, heat insulation will save you from losing heat, and in a hot period from condensation.
So, let's look at how to insulate the basement of a private house. Insulate the walls can be in 6 days, when the waterproofing mastic will dry . The gluing of plates from extruded polystyrene is done directly on the waterproofing. For bonding, bitumen (resin) is suitable. Plates should protrude from the ground about 40 cm. Before filling trenches, it is necessary to cover the insulation with asbestos-cement sheets. Also need to perform horizontal warming at a depth of 30 cm at the place where the blind area will be located.

The floor is insulated with the same method. Styrofoam having a thickness of 10 cm is laid on the waterproofing. Then put another layer of heat insulation. To reflect the heat inside the cellar, foam foam can be used.

The ceiling also needs protection. For its warmth, foam, mineral wool, and polystyrene foam are suitable.

Basement ventilation

Well-designed ventilation of the cellar in a private house allows not only to save the room from the appearance of fungi and mold on the surface of walls, but also to extend its operation time to a considerable extent. In addition, the circulation of air makes it possible to keep food and things there.

Types of ventilation

Cellars in a private house can have two kinds of ventilation, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages:

• natural ventilation;
• Forced.

Natural ventilation

Such a system has been used for more than a decade, and now it does not lose its popularity either. Its design is quite simple and does not require significant monetary costs.

The operation of the system is based on the existing temperature difference inside and outside the basement, whereby air flows.

This ventilation system consists of two pipes - supply and exhaust. The exhaust pipe starts from the ceiling and opens onto the roof. It ensures the removal of air from the room. The supply pipe is placed on the opposite wall and set closer to the floor. Its function is to supply fresh oxygen. Thus, the natural ventilation of the cellar in a private house maintains a normal humidity in the room.

The diameter of the pipes plays an important role. The optimal option is its overall diameter of at least 10 cm.

Forced ventilation

This system is most often used for large basement areas. Buying and installing forced ventilation requires quite a lot of money, for this reason, not everyone can afford this luxury. The advantage of this method is that it makes it possible to bring the microclimate of the cellar closer to natural conditions. The main principle of its work is to force the creation of a flow of fresh air with the help of special fans.

Heating of the basement of a private house

To ensure that the basement is dry and warm, you need to take care of the heating system. The choice of equipment depends on how much heat energy is needed for heating.

Storage of agricultural products

As a rule, this does not require additional heating of the basement. Most often there is enough neighborhood with a heated living room on top. Low temperature is not terrible, but it is necessary to prevent the minus, since the products will simply freeze. In this case, you should arrange heating. The best option is to connect a fan heater or a heater.

Sauna, pool or sauna

Premises with high humidity other than heating appliances must have installed dehumidifiers. For heating, infrared heaters are most often used, which are built into the ceiling, ceilings and walls. In order to obtain additional heat, a warm floor is laid. The belt, which is more unpretentious and durable, is the best. However, the constant use of a warm electric floor is an expensive pleasure. This is the best option for temporary heating.

Isolated rooms

If the basement in a private house (photos shown in the article) is equipped as an additional living space, you can use a boiler or stove to heat it. The boiler is most often put on the whole house, and an additional pipe with a coolant is simply laid in the underground. They use the following calculation of heating of the basement:

• for heating 50-180 square meters. M is installed boiler 25 kW;
• for heating of 200-300 sq. M. M is put on the unit, which has a power of 25-30 kW.

If the cellars in a private house have an area of up to 200 square meters. M, you can install a long-burning furnace, and for additional heating make a warm floor. In such basements, there is a billiard room, a dining room, a gym, a home theater, and so on.

So, despite the fact that the basement requires additional costs when erecting, a private house with a basement is very practical and convenient.