By whom, when and how are the pyramids constructed? The name of the pharaoh who built the highest pyramid

There is practically no such person who would not have heard of the Egyptian pyramids. Of course, not all have survived to our time, but even those that can be seen now, there are a lot of rumors and a lot of assumptions are being made about how the pyramids are built, who did it and for what. In this article we will try to understand at least some questions.

Why pyramids?

Modern architects are at a loss, why, if there was such a desire to build something unusual, the choice fell on the form of a pyramid? And the answer is probably quite simple. At that time there was no question of any competent architects and designers, especially among the sand deserts.

Each of us remembers ourselves in childhood playing in the sandbox or on the beach while relaxing with the family. We were then practically in the same conditions as the builders of Ancient Egypt, and also tried to build something from sand. And what did we almost always succeed in? Correctly - sand pyramids.

Of course, among the Egyptian sands there were also various stones of formless or unusual shape, and using them in addition to sand for construction was an excellent help for fortifying the structure.

So it turns out, it's not so important how the pyramids are built, but we can assume that this form was chosen only because to build something else simply was not possible, equipment and knowledge.

The Purpose of the Pyramids

You can probably say with certainty that the Egyptian pyramids to this day hide some secrets that the scientists and clairvoyants can not solve. There are many versions and hypotheses about who built the Egyptian pyramids and how it was done, but there is still no exact answer to these complex questions.

But to answer the question about the purpose of buildings is a little easier, you can make at least speculative conclusions.

According to one version, the pyramids served as tombs of the pharaohs. As evidence, the mummies of the pharaohs that were found in some pyramids, and funerary items are provided. In the earliest records, it was found that only the priests had access to the structure, and the rest of the entrance was banned.

But to this version you can find fault. The pyramids in Egypt are not all the same, they differed in their structure, the presence of aboveground and underground parts, even the building material was not used the same.

The pyramid of the pharaoh Cheops was built around 2560 BC from stone. Those that appeared later were made of clay bricks that were not even baked. It was possible to build such structures, but only a lot of time will be required for such construction. By the way, these pyramids are most susceptible to the influence of environmental factors, and under wind and rain, their gradual destruction occurs. Some of them have already practically turned into a pile of sand and bricks.

There is also a second version of what the pyramids were built for. They served as giant energy accumulators. It is already known that many of them had a huge underground part, which was arranged in strict accordance with the map of the starry sky. The upper overhead part in the form of a pyramid was a kind of channel for the release of energy.

According to the third version, the first pyramid was built for storing Pharaonic treasures. It is impossible to say this exactly, but in favor of this theory, we can give some arguments:

1. All pyramids are capital structures that have managed to withstand the onslaught of the natural environment and remain practically unchanged. Hence, we can assume that they built them for centuries. For example, the pyramid of Cheops was built around the year 2560 BC. Nobody doubts that at that time there were no banks for storing money and valuables, and they had to keep their treasures somewhere. Then it was difficult to make sand and sand dunes, at any moment the sandstorm could be so inferior that it would be impossible to find its hidden treasures. Therefore, the pyramids were built so high that they were not afraid of sand dunes and sand.
2. The size of the structure confirms that it is possible to hide in it huge wealth, the owners of which were the pharaohs. In this case it does not matter how many years ago the pyramid of Cheops was built. External forms do not give out internal dimensions, so it is difficult to guess how much wealth can fit within its walls.

All this, of course, the version, and accurately give an answer to the questions, who built the pyramids and for what, it is almost impossible.

Material for the construction of pyramids

The material for building such huge pyramids required a huge amount. Many scientists believe that they extracted it in the quarries. Archaeologists near Aswan (a region located near the pyramids of Giza) found a slab of granite, preserved from those distant times, its weight reached about 1300 tons. Surprisingly, it had a neatly-cut cavity and cracks. Apparently, because of them, the ancient builders of the pyramids considered it unfit for their grandiose project.

There are also confirmations of some researchers about the traces of wooden formwork inside the pyramids.

Concrete, which the ancient builders made of crushed limestone, has a good plasticity and takes on the necessary shape when cooled and solidified. Presumably, various images on such walls and hieroglyphs were squeezed out on still not fixed concrete, and not cut out later.

Some archaeologists have even considered that excavations during construction in concrete blocks were made using a bit made of bronze. Is it possible to do this in reality, especially if we consider how many years ago the pyramid of Cheops was built? We will consider that the scientist is more visible.

Material for the highest pyramid

At present, the pharaoh, who built the largest pyramid, is known. This is Cheops. It is believed that it was on his instructions that they began to build it. But the whole process was led not by the pharaoh himself, but by his nephew - Vizier Chemion. Until now, it remains a mystery to scientists what new technologies he used to get one of the seven wonders of the world. In what year was the pyramid of Cheops built, it is not known exactly, but presumably it was even before our era, around 2560. What technologies could we talk about?

According to information from ancient sources, the preparation for construction itself lasted more than one year, and more than 4,000 workers were involved in this process. Since the construction of a huge scale was planned, it was decided to select a rocky terrain near Cairo as a site.

To level the surface of the earth, the Egyptians, with the help of stone and sand, built a square-shaped shaft that was impenetrable to water. Inside it, channels were cut down, into which water was launched to determine its level. After that, the incisions were made, the fluid was released, and all the stones that were above this level were removed and the trenches laid. That's the way they got the foundation for the pyramid.

Regardless of how many years ago the pyramid of Cheops was built, there is still no doubt that the main material for its construction were stone blocks that were mined in the quarries. They were processed to a desired size with the help of a shearing, usually they were from 0.8 m to 1.5 m. Some specimens were more impressive, for example, a block over the entrance to the "pharaoh's room" had a weight of about 35 tons.

It is assumed that the prepared blocks with the help of thick ropes and levers were dragged to the river and forwarded to the construction site. There are no questions with this process, but how and with what technologies these blocks were at the top of the structure, still remains an unsolved mystery for all scientists.

The pyramid of the pharaoh Cheops was built in about 40 years, although some believe that it took no more than twenty. To my great regret, until now, some blocks have not survived, since (according to one version) they were used by Cairo residents to build their homes after the Arab raids on their capital.

Eternal question - who created the pyramids?

The question of who constructed the pyramids remains until now without accurate answers. Around these grandiose buildings, disputes and conversations do not cease, and there are more and more versions about the alleged builders.

This issue will always worry the minds of scientists, since the whole thing is not even who built them, but how the whole process was carried out. What technologies were used to not only get the correct geometric shape, but also a structure that is almost beyond the influence of natural disasters, wars and invasion of vandals? There are many versions on this subject, but we will only get acquainted with some of them.

Cord and beam

According to the first version, the construction of the pyramids was done by the Egyptians themselves. Huge slabs and blocks they dragged to the place of work with the help of ropes, under which they put logs and dragged.

Herodotus claimed that the builders had wooden formwork, which was understood and transferred, and with its help the erection of the next level was carried out.

In which year the pyramids were built, it is difficult to say exactly, but not Cheops is considered the first pharaoh who proposed to build such structures. The discoverer of the pyramid erection era in Egypt is the pharaoh Joser the Magnificent. On the stele of his times, you can find instructions for preparing mortar.

For this pharaoh, a stepped pyramid was created in Saqqara. It had 6 steps, each of which meant the next stage of construction. Inside there were 11 chambers for the burial of members of the pharaoh's family. Later, there were found mummies of wives and children. It was already much later that each pyramid was intended for the burial of only one king or pharaoh.

Giants-builders

According to the second version, the construction of the pyramids was not done by the Egyptians, but by the ancient civilization of the Ross. They believe that it was because of their huge growth that they had the opportunity to engage in such construction. Atlantis had not only a growth of more than 12 meters, but also possessed a huge reserve of physical strength, so they could transport clumps weighing several tons easily enough.

But, according to some legends, the giants did not rely on their physical abilities at all, but used the power of thought, through which it is possible to move objects through the air.

These assumptions were confirmed by many scientists. For example, Blavatsky is an esoteric and theosophist, as well as clairvoyant Edgar Cayce, who claimed that the pyramid of the pharaoh Khufu was built around 10 490 BC. It was this clairvoyant who called the exact place where the Atlanteans hid important documents and materials - between the paws of the Sphinx. These artifacts contain information about Atlantis and its death.

Many scientists adhere to the version about the construction of the pyramids by the Atlanteans. These ancient superhumans wanted to bring their unusual story to the next generation, and that there was no chance to get lost to all this, then they came up with such unusual and huge structures.

Extraterrestrial origin of the pyramids

There is also a version according to which, perhaps, there is a pharaoh who built the largest pyramid, but this was after extraterrestrial civilizations built most of such masterpieces.

Scientists who adhere to this point of view, in favor of this version give the results of the analysis of the pyramids. At that time, there simply did not exist such unique technologies for processing stone and moving huge blocks in space. It is believed that only aliens could have some superstructure that coped with such a task. In the temple of Abu Simbel there are statues of seated pharaohs, whose height reaches more than 20 meters. Was it really possible to build such a simple people in those days without special equipment and equipment, and even bronze? For many scientists this is rather doubtful.

What questions do not have answers?

Even if we assume that the ancient Egyptians were much smarter than us in the construction of unique structures and how the pyramids were built, they decided to keep it a secret, then there is no answer to the following questions:

• If you take into account that in ancient Egypt, chisels from stone and copper were available, how could they handle a block of granite so that there were no gaps between blocks?
• What should be used to manage almost 100 meters deep into the base of the pyramid?
• It is also striking that in just twenty years the Egyptians were able to lay bricks with a total mass of 3 tons along magnetic lines, and in perfect order. The laying of one brick took about 5 minutes. And if you imagine that the height of the pyramids was huge, then it is hard to believe.

You can find many more questions that arise regarding each version of the appearance of the pyramids, but they remain without intelligible and truthful answers.

Man-made miracle

The name of the pharaoh who built the highest pyramid is Khufu, but he is usually known as Cheops, and the same name has a structure. The pyramid impresses with its impressive size, one can not doubt that its construction has lasted for several decades. It differs from other pyramids with its unusual layout, but the most interesting is that when it was opened, Pharaoh's bodies were not found there. The question then arises: for whom and for what purpose did they build it?

Now it is almost not important when they built the pyramid of Cheops, because it is definitely included in the list of seven wonders of the world.

Only impressive sizes already amaze the modern man's imagination, and this is in view of the fact that in the past few millennia it has become smaller. Modern scientists can only assume the proportions of the pyramid, because at the edges it was dismantled by the Egyptians themselves for their needs.

Here is some information about this pyramid:

• Now its height is about 138 meters, but according to some data, upon completion of construction this figure was 11 points higher.
• The foundation is of regular square shape, each side is 230 meters long.
• The total area occupied by the pyramid is 5.4 hectares, that is, it is free to accommodate more than five modern largest temples.
• The total length of the basement along the perimeter is 922 meters.

There is another interesting fact: the body on the outside has uneven grooves of different sizes. If you look at them from a certain angle, you can see the image of a man about 150 meters tall. According to some assumptions, so the Egyptians depicted one of the ancient gods. There are several such drawings. On the north side there is an image of a woman and a man who bowed their heads to each other.

Scientists are inclined to believe that these drawings were made by the builders before the construction was completed, but then it remains unclear, and why, if the outer plates with which the pyramid was decorated, concealed them?

It does not matter how many years ago the pyramid of Cheops was built, but it is even very different from the others inside. There are corridors along which it is possible to pass both upward and downward. The main one first goes down, and then branches out into 2 tunnels - one of them leads to the funeral unfinished chamber below, and the second - to the large gallery at the top. From this gallery you can go to the main burial vault and the Queen's room.

Near the base of the pyramid are several underground structures. In one of them, scientists managed to find an old ship, which was a 1224-decapitated rook made of cedar. The length was about 43 meters. Probably, it was on this structure that Pharaoh intended to go to the realm of the dead.

And the pyramid for Cheops?

The pyramid of the pharaoh Cheops was built around 2560 BC, but the question often arises: was it erected for him? In the direction of such doubts is the fact that after its discovery the bodies of the pharaoh were not found there, there were no decorations in the burial chamber.

The sarcophagus for the body was in an unfinished state: the stones were roughly coarse, the lid was missing.

These data only further give adherents of extraterrestrial origin of the pyramids to be convinced that the creators of such huge and unique structures were representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations, but that's just what they did it for, it's not clear.

Pyramids of different sizes

The name of the pharaoh who built the highest pyramid is known, but, in addition to such a huge structure, there were very small ones. Some scholars believe that, in addition to using the pyramid as a tomb, it was still a place for performing various religious rituals. According to other opinions, the Egyptians simply did not want their culture to sink into obscurity, like many others, and with the help of such structures passed on information about themselves to descendants.

The pyramids were just perfect for this purpose, because they differed not only in their shape, but also in material, strength and size. By the way, scientists also have their own ideas about the size of the pyramids.

They believe that structures that are too small do not do honor to Pharaoh, but a huge building may simply not have enough money. It was from this point of view before the construction that the size of the pyramid was discussed, taking into account the financial possibilities of the treasury.

But there are also those who claim that not only the form, but also the dimensions are not at all accidental. This is part of the knowledge, comprehending which, you can understand the universe and the mechanics of our vast planet.

It does not matter whether the question is revealed how the pyramids are built, but it is these structures that attract a huge number of tourists each year to Egypt. And the tourist business is one of the main spheres, which replenishes the state treasury.

And one can only assume that even truthful answers to questions, for example, when they built the pyramid of Cheops, will be kept in great secret by the authorities, so as not to lose attractiveness and mystery for tourists from all over the world.

One can only sum up all that has been said: whoever has built these giant masterpieces of a unique form, he is truly a true creator, who by his work forces the greatest minds of man to fight over the solution of this mystery.