Bullous dermatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

If there are bubbles of different sizes with a liquid inside, which can be either transparent or cloudy, the doctors say that there is a disease such as bullous dermatitis. As a rule, the ailment is inflammatory. He has the usual names in the people: frostbite, allergy, burn.

Description of the pathology

Bullous dermatitis is a skin inflammatory disease. It manifests itself in the form of bubbles on the skin, filled with liquid. In most cases, the cause of such a disease is careless contact with any stimulus (chemical, biological, physical). The ailment can cause other causes: internal pathologies, genetic abnormalities.

This pathology is often a secondary sign of other diseases. For example, infectious or severe congenital ailments. Successful treatment is impossible without an accurate definition of the causes that caused the disease.

The main factors of the origin of pathology

Bullous dermatitis can be caused by both internal and external causes. Consider them.

The most common external factors are:

• temperature changes;
• Exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
• Irritation from various chemistry;
• Allergy to plants.

Internal are:

• Violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• Complications of dermatoses;
• Genetic abnormalities;
• Various viral diseases.

The appearance of bullous dermatitis can also affect any disruption in the endocrine system. Often, pathology provokes diabetes mellitus or thyroid problems.

But sometimes even doctors can not pinpoint the cause of the pathology. Until now, it is not known what causes herpetiform bullous dermatitis.

The main reasons for the appearance of this chronic skin damage include:

• Intolerance to gluten;
• Ascaridosis;
• Sensitivity of the body to iodine;
• Viral diseases;
• Disturbed functioning of the digestive tract.

Symptoms

With a close examination of bullous dermatitis, it is possible to see bubbles formed on the skin of the patient, filled with liquid. They are the main symptom of the disease in question.

Symptoms of ailment may differ. For example, herpetiform bullous dermatitis is characterized by severe burning and itching.

Symptoms of the disease most often depend on what factors triggered the disease. Therefore, it is worth considering the most common varieties of the disease in more detail.

Basic views

The most common varieties are:

1. Cold dermatitis. It develops due to frostbite of the skin surface. Accompanied by vasospasms. Later, the skin begins to blush, worry about the pain and burning sensation. Then bubbles appear, filled with blood or muddy content. If you uncover them, then the skin will remain eroded, which in the future will be covered with a crust. With dermatitis caused by not lowered, but high temperatures, the clinical picture is actually the same. But the bubbles are formed almost instantly. Bullous dermatitis characterizes burns and frostbite of a serious stage. As a rule, this is damage of the 2nd degree.
2. Sunny dermatitis. With this form, rashes appear after prolonged exposure to scorching rays. The skin on the open areas of the body turns red, inflames. Bubbles of different diameters filled with liquid appear on it. After their opening, erosion remains on the skin. Manifestations of solar dermatitis are accompanied by a general deterioration of the condition. The temperature rises, itching, burning. There are painful sensations in the places of damage.
3. Chemical dermatitis. Symptoms of this pathology initially appear on those parts of the skin that are directly in contact with the harmful substance. Later, the rash may spread to other areas. Sometimes it even covers the entire body, including the neck and eyes. In some severe cases, swelling can interfere with normal vision work and carry a serious danger to the patient's life.
4. Hereditary. Recognized and diagnosed such bullous dermatitis in children immediately after birth. An example is the Hailey-Haley disease. The patient develops characteristic vesicles on the skin, even with minor bumps and injuries.
5. Dermatitis is metabolic. Appears as a result of disruption of the endocrine system and improper metabolism. For example, diabetes can cause diabetic dermatitis. It is manifested by watery blisters on the hands and feet. Due to the lack of zinc in the body, enteropathic acrodermitis can develop. Pathology is accompanied by the formation of vesicles on the lips, extremities and, possibly, the oral cavity.
6. Bullous exfoliative dermatitis. Characteristic for newborns. This is a rather severe form of the disease that occurs from the first days of the baby's life. The vesicles are filled with a gray liquid. Their size increases rapidly, and they themselves spread throughout the body. After the opening of such blisters, large erosions remain. With bullous exfoliative dermatitis, the general condition of the child worsens: fever, dyspeptic disorders are possible . In especially severe cases, sepsis occurs. Even death is not excluded.

How to diagnose a disease

The doctor examines the skin first of all. The doctor should evaluate the emerging bubbles: their size, color, fullness, quantity and localization.

Various clinical and laboratory studies are used to differentiate pathology:

1. The liquid in the vials is thoroughly examined under a microscope.
2. Immunofluorescence helps to diagnose allergic bullous dermatitis. Such pathology can arise as a result of various provocateurs. The appearance of blisters is a rather characteristic symptomatology of allergy.
3. The most accurate and voluminous method of diagnosing the disease is biopsy.
4. If dermatitis is hereditary, then the best way to determine it is electron microscopy.

Methods of treatment

Each type of bullous dermatitis requires its approach to therapy.

However, we can distinguish such basic stages:

1. Drying. The skin is treated with a special substance (manganese, hydrogen peroxide, zelenka) to heal the blisters.
2. Opening. Drying does not apply to large bubbles. They just need to be opened. But this should be done only by a doctor.
3. Treatment. Erosion formations on the ground require special care. In places of severe damage, regular dressings and drug treatment are necessary.

Medication Therapy

Do not forget that only a doctor can prescribe, if diagnosed with bullous dermatitis, treatment.

Complex therapy of pathology most often includes such drugs:

1. Non-hormonal local remedies: "Zinokap", "Skin-cap", "Radevit".
2. Antihistamines: Telfast, Zirtek, Claritin, Cetrin.
3. Hormonal local medications: "Advantan", "Triderm", "Celestoderm".
4. Corticosteroids: "Prednisolone", "Triamcinalon."
5. Antibacterial and antifungal local remedies: "Futsidin", "Levomekol", "Exoderil".
6. Sedative medicines: "Phenazepam", "Sedasen", "Persen".
7. Immunosuppressive drugs: "Methotrexate", "Azathioprine."

If the blisters are formed on the skin, then do not risk your health and neglect your doctor's examination. Timely diagnosis and treatment will protect against serious disorders in the body.