Brachial bone

Bones of the shoulder girdle - this is a solid foundation for numerous muscles, tendons and ligaments. It's not a secret for anyone that the upper and lower limbs are a person's movement, the ability to perform various kinds of work. In order for the hands to be most developed and functional, a fairly solid bone base and strong joints are needed.

Nature has provided everything in man, so the upper shoulder belt consists of a scapula, collarbone, humerus, elbow and radius bones, as well as small bones of a brush. Accordingly, all these bone bases are attached to the muscles, so that the hand is capable of moving.

The humerus is one of the largest and most massive bones in the human body. It consists of a diaphysis, or a tubular body of the bone, and two epiphyses, which are articular surfaces.

If you disassemble the anatomy of this formation in a more similar way, you can see how well this bone is thoughtfully designed.

Like any surface, the humerus has a weak point - the surgical neck, at this point the bone most often breaks. However, the muscular frame is arranged in such a way that, at physical loads, it is here that the muscle mass grows most intensively, thereby protecting the bone.

In addition, the humerus has several protrusions, or tubercles, to which the largest muscles of the shoulder are attached. From the ridges, ridges or elevations, between which there is a mezhbugorkovaya furrow - in this place there is an attachment of the tendon of the biceps arm muscle.

In the area of the lower epiphysis there are two condyles, and above them are two epicondylitis - these are also peculiar bone bumps, which are part of the elbow joint. Here there are two fossa - the elbow and the coronal, they are necessary for a more dense comparison of the processes of the elbow and radius bones.

The humerus is a fairly complex structure, and besides a supporting function, a number of others will perform. For example, hematopoietic. As is known, all tubular bones are organs that produce red blood cells. In the spongy substance of the bone is located the red bone marrow, which performs this function.

In addition, the spongy substance of the bone is capable of producing factors that affect the immune system and the coagulability of the blood.

It should be noted that the size and diameter of the bone in each person is individual. It depends on the growth, the number of incoming nutrients and on the hereditary predisposition. Often you have to deal with a situation where patients have increased brittleness or brittleness of bones due to insufficiency of calcium and other microelements. This process can be formed in utero.

Shoulder fractures are often found in children of early school age and older people. This is due to the lifestyle of the first and the decrease in physiological strength in the second case.

The humerus fractures at the fracture in the weakest place - in the area of the surgical neck, but there are other variants of fractures. Children - subperiosteal fracture by the type of "green branch", and in adults fractures with a displacement of fragments.

In any of these situations, the patient needs qualified care.

Osteosynthesis of the humerus can be carried out in several ways. There is a special apparatus Ilizarov, which allows you to pinch existing fragments. The introduction of spokes can be carried out absolutely at any level and next to the joints. Complexity is the introduction of spokes in the upper third of the shoulder on the inner surface (in the axillary region), because This brings discomfort and inconvenience to the patient, so in this area the spokes are inserted X-shaped.

In order to most correctly combine the fragments, you can use the method of skeletal traction before setting up the device.

Traumatologists often use special plates and screws for osteosynthesis of the humerus if the lesion is not too large and the amount of fragments does not exceed 3-4 pieces.