Borodino: who wrote it? The history of the creation of the poem "Borodino"

The Patriotic War of 1812 is still considered to be the brightest example of the rise of the Russian patriotic spirit, when a single people stood up to repel an enemy invasion, without division into ranks and estates.

The events of the main battle with the army of Napoleon, which took place near Moscow, remained in the people's memory, on the canvases of artists, in pages of novels and in poetic lines. The poem, considered the best, is called - "Borodino". Who wrote this poetic hymn of Russian patriotism, it became known in the days of celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, in 1837.

Poet, officer, patriot

He was destined to live a very short life, but the amount of the talent made and the scale are amazing, his name is among the greatest geniuses who wrote in Russian. Both in poetry and in prose they write texts that excite us, living two centuries later. Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov was born on October 15, 1814 in Moscow.

Among his roots were found the Scottish trail, he himself wrote about his ancestor about the Spanish nobleman of the XVII century Francisco Lerme, but he was brought up in the Russian environment and surrounded by his native speakers of the Russian folk language. His penchant for writing, surprisingly receptive to nature, became a prerequisite for the fact that Lermontov's literary talent quickly became known to all reading Russia.

After unsuccessful attempts to get a university education in Moscow and St. Petersburg, which ended in conflict with the professors, Lermontov graduated from the Guards School of Ensigns and began a military career. Later, according to the memoirs of his contemporaries, he showed himself in military operations in the Caucasus as a brave and skilful officer.

Anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812

The younger contemporary of Napoleon's invasion was the great predecessor of Lermontov, Pushkin, who for youth could not take part in the war, but was intimately familiar with many heroes of the Patriotic War. From their midst the Decembrists appeared, whose thoughts were in many respects shared by Pushkin.

Heroes of the "thunderstorms of 12 years" surrounded and Lermontov, the generation of winners of Napoleon actively participated in the life of Russian society, many he personally knew. From childhood he listened to the stories of war veterans - peasants. And it is here that the beginning of the story of the creation of the poem "Borodino" begins, after all, his great-uncle, Afanasy Alekseyevich Stolypin, participated in the battle of Borodino.

"Tell me, uncle ..."

He was the brother of Elizabeth Alexeyevna Arsenieva - the grandmother of the poet, who adored Mikhail Yurevich, brought him up and who eventually buried Lermontov in his estate after the death of the poet in a duel. From the very beginning of the Napoleonic campaign, Athanasius Stolypin was an artillery officer, was wounded in 1807 in Prussia, during the Battle of Borodino, he fought in one of the hottest areas - the Shevardin Redoubt. It is marked by Kutuzov himself and awarded with a golden weapon - a sword with the inscription: "For bravery." Captain-captain Athanasius Stolypin participated in the overseas campaign of the Russian army in 1814 and until his retirement he was respected among his colleagues.

Mikhail Yurievich was younger than him for 26 years, and between them there were friendly and family relations. Therefore, when he became the one who composed the poem "Borodino", who wrote at the beginning of his appeal: "Say-Uncle," - it was clear to many where he heard stories about those terrible days who prototype the protagonist-narrator and To whom the author addresses.

"The Field of Borodino"

The first appeal of the poet to the theme of the Borodino battle took place in 1830, when he wrote the poem "The Field of Borodin." In it some bright images and comparisons have already been found, the height of the valuation of the soldier's exploit, which is put on a par with the victories of Peter the Great near Poltava and the exploits of Suvorov's soldiers, is outlined. But of course, the poet felt that the topic touched upon requires a more ambitious incarnation.

The first version of the poem-monument to the heroes of Borodin Lermontov wrote at the age of 16. Considering how quickly the gift of the poet was grasping, one can understand who came to the 25th anniversary of the battle near the village of Borodino, who wrote the final version of the poem. This is a formed personality, a poet who owns the real mastery of versification.

The feat of the people

The most famous poem about the war of 1812 was the result of serious reflections caused by the approach of the 25th anniversary of the beginning of the war with Napoleon. The poet wanted to express his opinion about the reasons for the victory, about the role of the common people who had borne the brunt of military deprivation.

The main idea permeated by the poem "Borodino" is that the army of Napoleon was defeated not only by the firm character of Kutuzov, not only by the military talent and knowledge of brilliant generals and officers, by their personal valor and courage, but also by the fact that against the foreign invasion All the people rose up, the fact that the Russian soldier showed steadfastness, greater than the invader from the army of Napoleon, by the fact that the military spirit of the Russian army was stronger.

And this thought could not but find a response in society, the patriotic heat of the poem "Borodino" could not be ignored. Who wrote a text full of high spiritual content, but set out in an earthly and accessible language, could not help but be heard.

The Soldier's Story

The genius of Lermontov has found an amazing form for narrating about one of the most significant events in Russian history - military and socio-political. The story of the immense gravity of the initial period of the war, of the retreat, of how hatred against the enemy accumulated, is conducted on behalf of the soldier in a simple, sincere manner, the usual spoken language.

This language describes the cruel events on the Borodino field: the agonizing expectation of a decisive battle, violent attacks, the reckless courage of soldiers and commanders and terrible losses on both sides. The simplicity of the presentation of events only confirms the truth of the story, gives events special significance.

About the Motherland, about courage, about glory

The Russian soldier once again had to go to the Borodino field, protecting the capital from the enemy. In 1941, again, the call sounded: "Guys, not Moscow is ours!" - and everyone knew who wrote the poem "Borodino". After all, only a real genius, a true patriot, could create lines of such rightness and power. This is exactly what Mikhail Lermontov was.