Health, Preparations
Barbiturates: list of drugs, use and action
For more than a hundred years in medicine, known drugs such as barbiturates. The list of drugs containing these substances has greatly decreased recently, because it turned out that they can cause a strong dependence and serious side effects. But, despite this, so far such medicines are used in medicine, however, they can not be found in free sale. This is explained by the fact that in the middle of the 20th century there were a lot of deaths due to poisoning with barbiturates. Therefore, those to whom the doctor prescribes these drugs for treatment, you need to know what side effects they can cause. In addition, there are modern more effective and safe drugs.
What are barbiturates
These medicines appeared at the very beginning of the 20th century. German scientist Bayer discovered a special substance - barbituric acid. Already in 1903 the first medicine "Barbital", more often called "Veronal" was put on sale.
List of drugs
Now hardly more than a dozen such medicines remain in use. There are several groups of barbiturates. They were divided by the duration of the action. We can distinguish such barbiturates:
- long-acting: "Barbital", "Phenobarbital" (better known as "Luminal"), "Barbiturate Sodium", "Butizol" and others;
- medium duration: Cyclobarbital, Barbabil, Alurat, Butabarbital, Talbutal and others;
- with a short (up to 6 hours) action: "Geksobarbital", "Pentotal", "Tiamilal", "Brevital" and other drugs. They are usually used as intravenous injections, since they begin to act a few minutes after the administration.
What are the effects of barbiturates
Barbituric acid began to be used in medicine, as it turned out that it affects the central nervous system of a person: it blocks contacts between nerve cells. Therefore, all these drugs have a strong sedative, anticonvulsant, a small painkiller and hypnotic effect. If you take barbiturates before anesthesia, they will enhance its effect.
How are barbiturates used
It has long been proven that these drugs cause the strongest drug addiction, often resulting in a fatal outcome. But in some cases, only barbiturates can help a patient. The list of drugs used now in medicine, has been greatly reduced, but they can be purchased only with the prescription of a doctor.
- with severe stress;
- serious nervous disorders;
- with convulsions and convulsions;
- to prepare the patient for anesthesia during surgery;
- in case of insomnia, when other means do not help.
Basically, barbiturates are used for epilepsy. But some elderly lonely people use them also for calming. In medical institutions, barbiturates are used as intravenous or intramuscular injections, and for outpatient treatment tablets, capsules or suppositories may be prescribed. Some drugs are part of other medicines. For example, phenobarbital is the basis of Corvalol. A strong sleeping pills "Penobarbital" is used to execute the death penalty or euthanasia in veterinary medicine.
What are the side effects?
Now mainly in medical institutions are used barbiturates. The list of drugs permitted for use is known only to specialists. It is very easy to poison yourself with such medications or get into dependence on them. If a person often uses barbiturates, it can be recognized by such signs:
- drowsiness, confusion, frequent hallucinations;
- imbalance and uncontrolled movements;
- slurred speech, stammering;
- decreased immunity;
- rash and purulent skin diseases;
- metabolic disorders and slowing of the gastrointestinal system;
- Depressed, absent-minded, but sometimes aggressive;
- the inhibition of consciousness and violation of concentration of attention.
Dependence on barbiturates
People who often use such drugs to calm or struggle with insomnia, sometimes do not suspect what they contain a danger. After all, drugs like the opium are equated with barbiturates. Dependence is manifested in the need to constantly drink drugs, increasing their dose.
Why do people take these drugs
From the very beginning barbiturates became very popular. The list of drugs by the middle of the 20th century grew to two and a half thousand names. They were accepted by those who needed to calm down and get rid of problems, who experienced constant tension and problems with falling asleep. After it became clear that the action of barbiturates is similar to drugs, their use has greatly decreased. But even now many are dependent on them. It is believed that this is most often people who hate themselves, have lost interest in life and the need for communication. And, despite the fact that barbiturates cause oblivion, heavy sleep and lack of thoughts, they remain popular. Often because of this, people tend to take such drugs. And besides, under their action a person ceases to feel pain, experience emotions and relaxes.
Poisoning with barbiturates
The danger of using these drugs is that the drug may overdose quickly. This leads to the fact that a person falls asleep and can not wake up, because breathing gradually slows down and death begins. If barbiturates in the blood are in large quantities, and this may occur when taking the usual dose, but in the case of prolonged use of the drug, poisoning occurs. Pressure in a person drops sharply, his face turns blue, and his breathing becomes frequent and shallow. Death usually comes from paralysis of the respiratory system.
Refusal to use drugs
It is very difficult to get rid of barbiturate dependence.
What can replace barbiturates
Recently, such drugs are becoming less common. In many countries, barbiturates are generally prohibited. In what medicines they are used, not everyone knows, so you need to read the composition carefully in the instructions. And to get rid of insomnia and stress, safer drugs are now being used, which very rarely cause dependence. Most often it is "Lorazepam", "Diazepam", "Librium" and others. Even more safe are Novo Passit, Glicin, Zelenin Drops and other homeopathic remedies. An alternative to chemical agents may be herbal decoctions of mint or motherwort, aromatherapy, acupuncture or lifestyle modification.
Similar articles
Trending Now