Annual rings are cambium? Structure, functions

Cambium is a cloth lying between the wood and the bast. Where does it come from? It arises from procambium - vascular bundles. Occurs in stems, roots of plants.

Initially, cambium in plants is found only in vascular bundles. This type is called a beam type. Then the tissue forms interlayers in the core beams located between the bundles. This type of cambium is called radial.

The interlayers form the bundle of cambium bundles, forming a single-layered ring. As the plant grows new bundles are formed, and the axial organs begin to grow into thickness, forming new layers of the tree. This is the main function of cambium. Irreplaceable.

In winter, cambium sleeps, so the growth of plants in thickness in the cold season does not occur. In connection with the changes occurring in the trunk of the plant and the rest period in winter, annual rings are formed.

Functions, structure

Cambium is an important fabric, without which the growth of wood in thickness is not possible. His cells are prozenhimnye. They have an elongated shape and bevelled ends. The length of the prozenochim cells exceeds the width several times. With a longitudinal section, a rectangular shape is observed.

Cambium - a cell with a complex structure. Inside them are the nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles. Surprisingly, slow movements occur in the cytoplasm. The speed depends on the season. The nucleus is located in the central part of the cell. It has an elongated shape. So that the cells can eat, the plant is stored with nutrients. They enter the plasma cells.

Division

The next moment. Cambium is a cage capable of sharing. The process occurs due to the cytoplasm.

Cambium cells are able to divide only polar. On one side - forming the wood, and on the other - the bark of the plant. The division itself is disproportionate. Therefore, the tree contains less bark than wood. If the division of cells went proportionally, then after division, the bark and wood would be in the same number.

During division, one element is divided into two. Then one of the new elements becomes the mother cell, and the other - again divided in half, turning into a bast or wood. The final transition depends on which part of the plant the dividing cells are adjacent to.

During the division, the wood is deposited towards the center of the branch. A lub - to the edge.

Function

Now about some possibilities. The cambium located in the stem performs an educational function. This possibility is obtained because of the unique structure of the layer. Its elongated cells with thin shells can divide, grow. Due to this, the stem of the plant thickens.

Annual rings

Everyone knows that trees have annual rings. On them you can determine how old the plant is. For a year one circle is formed, that is, an annual ring. It is formed by cambium, which, when divided, ensures the growth of the stem in thickness.

In trees growing in temperate climates, the division of its cells begins in early spring and ends in autumn. Waking up, the tree begins to grow actively. At this time, the cambium has large cells, which by the end of the summer become narrow, but with a thick shell. As a result of division, the annual ring forms. In terms of its thickness, it is possible to judge the growth of wood for the year. Each annual ring consists of a summer and a winter layer. They are distinguished by their color: light is summer, and dark is winter.

When dividing cells, cambium forms wood and bark. The first performs a storage function, and the bark is protective. These parts of the plant consist of certain types of cells. During the growing season, each element fulfills its specific role in plant development.

In a word, cambium is an irreplaceable tissue of plants. Without his participation, they simply would not exist.