Anatoly Lukyanov - the last chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR

Anatoly Lukyanov is a Russian (Soviet) politician. Ex-Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. One of the accused in the GKChP case. He spent about a year in custody on charges of a coup d'état.

Biography policy

Anatoly Lukyanov was born in Smolensk in 1930. His father died at the front. He himself at the age of 13 went to the workers at the defense plant in the midst of the Great Patriotic War.

This did not stop Lukyanov from studying well, in 1948 he graduated from school with a gold medal. From Smolensk to the capital, he went as a budding poet. He was already published in local newspapers and had benevolent reviews from his fellow countryman, the author of "Vasily Terkin" Alexander Tvardovsky.

In 1953, Anatoly Lukyanov received the specialty of a lawyer at Moscow State University, he still has to study in graduate school.

Works in the legal department under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Then he is sent by a legal adviser first to Hungary, and then to Poland. In 1976 he took part in the development of the new constitution of the USSR.

After the adoption of this important state document, he enters the secretariat of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

In 1979 he became a doctor of law. His thesis was devoted to research in the field of state law. In 1984 he became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the Smolensk region.

Participation in the work of the State Emergency Committee

In his memoirs Lukyanov Anatoly Ivanovich claims that he himself did not consider it necessary to introduce a state of emergency. He stated this on March 18 to one of the leaders of the Soviet Union, Valentin Pavlov, who at that time held the post of prime minister.

Two days later Rutskoi, Khasbulatov and Silaev met Lukyanov in the Kremlin. They demanded to stop the work of the State Emergency Committee, to return Mikhail Gorbachev to Moscow. At the same time, there were no ultimatums. Therefore, Anatoly Lukyanov decided that they do not want to aggravate the situation.

His colleagues in the Emergency Committee note: Lukyanov initially took an excessively lenient position when very much depended on the Supreme Council.

The role of the Emergency Committee

The State Committee for the state of emergency, which ultimately included Lukyanov Anatoly, was organized to save the Soviet Union from collapse.

It lasted four days. Members of the State Emergency Committee were categorically against the Gorbachev reforms, as well as the creation of the CIS, which originally planned to enter only part of the republics of the former USSR.

The leadership of the RSFSR, headed by President Yeltsin, refused to obey the decrees of the Emergency Committee, declaring that their actions were contrary to the constitution. The activities of the State Emergency Committee led to the August putsch.

At the end of the summer the committee was dissolved. All those who participated in his work or assisted the leaders of the State Emergency Committee were arrested.

Arrest of members of the State Emergency Committee

The first to arrest politicians, who were at the head of the State Emergency Committee. These are Yanaev, Baklanov, Kryuchkov, Pavlov, Pugo, Starodubtsev, Tizyakov and Yazov. Lukyanov Anatoly was taken into custody as one of the last.

The politician himself believed that his arrest was caused by the fact that Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin feared that at the Congress of People's Deputies he would be elected to the leadership, because of this, the success of democracy can come to naught.

August 29 issued a decree arresting Lukyanov and bringing him to criminal responsibility for an attempted coup. He spent more than a year in the Moscow SIZO.

Accusations and liberation

Anatoly Lukyanov, whose biography was closely connected with the USSR, was initially accused of treason. Then the wording was changed to an attempt to seize power and abuse authority.

The testimony in the case of the State Emergency Committee Lukyanov refused to give. The final of this story was happy for all participants. In late 1992, all those arrested were released on their own recognizance. And in February 1994, the State Duma declared an amnesty for everyone who was involved in the State Emergency Committee.

After liberation

After being released, in 1993 Lukyanov won the elections to the State Duma, having received a mandate from the Smolensk region. Then he was re-elected twice to the federal parliament.

Lukyanov is the author of more than 350 scientific papers. Most of them are devoted to constitutional law and the theory of law. In 2010 he published a book about his own vision of the events of those days called "August 91. Was there a conspiracy?"

However, he did not leave his youthful passion for poetry. Poetic collections printed under the pseudonyms Anatoly Osenyov and Dneprov.

His wife Lyudmila Lukyanova is a biology scholar, Doctor of Science. She works at the Chair of Constitutional Law of the Higher School of Economics.

Since youth he is fond of mountaineering, according to his own statements, was friends with Lev Gumilev, whom he met in the late sixties. Lukyanov helped him as a lawyer in the process of inheriting Anna Akhmatova. Her archive Gumilev wanted to transfer to the Pushkin House.

Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov played a big role in the development of his native Smolensk region. The biography, awards received by him, testify to this. Lukyanov has the title of honorary citizen of the city-hero of Smolensk. He was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, a medal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.

He has the status of Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation.

Lukyanov's rare infatuation is well known. He collects phonograms with recording voices of poets and other famous personalities. In 2006, he even published a separate edition of "100 poets of the 20th century." Poems in the author's performance, "providing notes with his own comments.

Now Lukyanov is 86 years old, he lives in Moscow.