ZIL-157: specifications and photos

"ZIL 157" (photo of the car is presented on the page), a powerful truck that was produced in the Soviet era at the Likhachev plant, from 1958 to 1991. The car had the characteristics of an all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle, and therefore the serial production was aimed at providing motor transport to the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. At the same time, some amount of "ZIL 157" was used in the national economy.

Improvements

In 1961, the model was modified and received the ZIL 157K index. In the new version the car was produced before 1978, then its production was transferred to the Ural Automobile Plant (UAMZ), but already under the brand ZIL 157KD. The new machine differed from the previous more advanced gearbox, a reliable single-disk clutch, good axial balancing with a uniform load distribution, and telescopic shock absorbers. The running characteristics of the modified model also improved, the speed increased from 60 to 65 kilometers per hour. The updated version was unavailable for a while, ZIL 157, a photo of which was not published anywhere, was classified as any military equipment of that time.

The body of the car was a wooden platform, covered with longitudinal metal ribs, protecting from abrasion. The boards were assembled from wooden plates, with a thickness of 20 and a width of 80 millimeters. For strength, the longitudinal structure was reinforced by cross bars with metal brackets. The front side was fixedly fixed, and the side and rear were reclined, thereby completely opening the body platform. Thus, the loading and unloading of military and any other property was carried out easily and quickly.

From the army to the national economy

The car "ZIL 157KD" was produced before 1991, while the characteristics of the car did not change, all technical parameters fully met the requirements of operation. And since in 1966 at the Likhachev plant began the production of an army all-terrain vehicle "ZIL 131", the supply of ZIL 157KD to the Armed Forces of the USSR partially ceased. The machine was increasingly used in civil engineering, on collective farms, state farms and forestry. A reliable, unpretentious off-road vehicle has become an indispensable assistant in various fields.

Model "ZIL 157V", a semitrailer tractor without a body, was especially convenient transport in logging. Powerful traction characteristics allowed the use of a machine for the transportation of long logs.

Specifications

The parameters of the main units and units "ZIL 157" met the highest requirements of the time. Since the machine was manufactured for the Soviet Army, its means were not spared. Thus, "ZIL 157", the characteristics of which did not need improvements, were assembled on the assembly line according to the classical scheme, for years without changing the technology.

The car was equipped with an average power engine and a transmission with five cardan shafts, one of which connected the dispenser to the gearbox, two more passed the rotation to the front and middle bridges. The fourth and fifth driveshafts connected the middle bridge to the rear axle, via an intermediate bearing assembly.

Tires

Wheels "ZIL 157" had a deep protector of directional action, virtually eliminating slipping. For the first time in the domestic automotive industry, a pumping system was installed on the truck regulating the tire pressure. Punctures and small holes in the wheels no longer affected the progress of the machine, the compressor automatically pumped in the necessary amount of air, compensating for the lack of pressure. From the driver's seat it was also possible to include a swap mechanism.

The tires "ZIL 157", among other things, were designed for driving on snowy virgin soil or wetlands. To do this, it was necessary to reduce the pressure to 0.7 atmospheres. The wheels sagged, their surface became wider. After passing through a complex area, the tires were again inflated to a normal pressure of 2.8 atmospheres.

Cooling system

The block of cylinders "Zil 157" with "jacket" of the closed type. The coolant circulated through the circuit. The radiator was a tubular structure, equipped with vertical jalousie. The six-blade fan impeller provides additional cooling.

To the design disadvantages of the car cooling system "ZIL 157" can be attributed to the sensitivity of the engine to a low temperature. At minus 10 degrees, we had to use special insulating casings for the engine compartment, because the cooling system did not maintain the desired temperature. Subsequently, the thermostat was finalized, but the thermal housings were still included in the equipment of the machine.

The engine "ZIL 157"

• The working volume of the cylinders is 5 559 cm / 3;
• Type - petrol, carburetor;
• The maximum power is 109 hp;
• Number of cylinders - 6;
• The diameter of the cylinder is 101.6 mm;
• Compression ratio - 6,2;
• Cooling - antifreeze;
• Material - cylinder block, cast iron, cylinder head aluminum;
• Operating mode - four-stroke;
• The order of the cylinders 1-5-3-6-2-4;
• Fuel A-66, A-72.

Transmission

Manual gearbox, five-speed:

• Model 151;
• Switching - floor lever.

Gear Ratios:

• Fifth gear (straight) - 0.81;
• The fourth gear is 1.00;
• Third gear - 1.89;
• Second gear - 3,32;
• The first transmission - 6,24;
• Reverse gear - 6,70.

Distribution box, two-stage:

Gear Ratios:

• The first transfer - 2,44;
• Second gear - 1,24;
• The main transmission of the leading bridges is single, 6.67.

Overall and weight characteristics

• Total weight 10,190 kg;
• Length 6 684 mm;
• Height: full, with awning 2,915 mm, without awning 2 360 mm;
• Width 2 315 mm;
• Front track 1 755 mm;
• Rear track 1 750 mm;
• Base wheel 3 665 + 1 120 mm;
• Ground clearance (clearance) - 310 mm.

Modifications

During the production of ZIL 157, eleven basic modifications were created, which fulfilled certain tasks. In addition, there were special purpose vehicles:

• A fire truck with a 4.5 ton water tank, a retractable ladder and a double cabin for personnel;
• A car with an emergency generator set for supplying electricity to temporarily de-energized objects.
• Models with a strengthened front bumper for pushing by pushing;
• Cars equipped with a winch, designed to pull out stuck wheel and caterpillar vehicles;
• Basic model "ZIL 157", issue of 1958;
• Truck tractor "157V";
• Base model since 1961, "157K";
• A truck tractor since 1961, "157KV";
• Base model since 1978, "157KD";
• A truck tractor since 1978, "157KDV";
• Tropical version with an extended cooling system and a volumetric radiator, "157Yu";
• Export model "157E";
• Model with protected equipment, shielded - "157G";
• Model with shielded, protected equipment since 1961 - "157KG";
• A specialized model with double fuel tanks, a total volume of 300 liters - "ZIL 157E".

In total, 797,934 cars of all modifications of the "off-road king" were produced, as people called "ZIL 157".

New engine

The base model of 1978 "157KD" was equipped with an engine, unified with the engine of the car "ZIL 130". The compression ratio was increased from 6.2 to 6.5. Piston group - cylinder liners, pistons, a set of compression rings, connecting rod fingers completely borrowed from the engine "130". The lubrication system has been radically changed, the oil has now been cleaned in a centrifugal filter.

The power of the water pump was significantly increased, a fundamentally new alternator, a compact, efficient unit was installed. The regular starter was replaced with high-speed, high-power. The usual trampler gave way to a contact-transistor ignition system. The updated engine was installed on the "ZIL 157KD" in the Ural branch of the ZIL.

"ZIL 157", diesel engine

During the manufacture of the all-terrain vehicle, diesel power plants that would be produced on an industrial scale, there was no. Therefore, in the USSR, all trucks were equipped with only gasoline engines. However, on the ZIL 157, in principle, you can install a diesel engine of the brand D245-12S, you do not need to alter anything for this, all the fastenings for the motor and the tractor boxes are easily adapted. It is only necessary to cut off the rear supports and weld the brackets from "ZIL 130" or "ZIL 131". However, when installing the diesel, you need to be prepared for a tangible shaking of the whole car, this is the only drawback from this modernization.

Bridges

The car "ZIL 157", regardless of the modification, is equipped with three same-type chassis units. These are planetary, semi-axle bridges, with differentials. Gear ratios are identical for all three beams. The mounting brackets are designed for elliptic springs, although the suspension can also be a pendulum spring with springs and hydraulic shock absorbers.

Sufficiently stringent operating conditions of ZIL 157, whose bridges experience the main load, forced designers to seek solutions that increased the reliability of the car's suspension. A scheme was developed, quite simple and reliable, which provided for the installation of hydraulic shock absorbers.

All semi-axles of the car are joined with cast-iron drums, which are part of a sufficiently effective brake system "157". Pads of universal material "Feredo" worked flawlessly. The car almost never left traces of the protector on the road, the stop was smooth and without jerks, which usually accompany the braking of heavy vehicles.

Car repair

Despite the simplicity of design and high resource, the "off-road king" sometimes breaks down. However, the current owners of the all-terrain vehicle should not be worried, ZIL 157 spare parts are on sale in sufficient quantity. In the Soviet period, in parallel with the production of cars, especially trucks, plants for the production of repair kits operated. And, as a rule, spare parts were produced in huge quantities, far exceeding the need. These were the costs of a planned economy, but it is thanks to them that today you can buy almost everything you need to repair a car.