With which compounds does carbon monoxide 4 react? With what substances does carbon dioxide react?

Carbon dioxide, also known as carbon monoxide 4, reacts with a number of substances, forming a very diverse in composition and chemical properties of the compound. Composed of non-polar molecules, it has very weak intermolecular bonds and can only be in the form of gas if the temperature is higher than 31 degrees Celsius. Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound consisting of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.

Carbon Oxide 4: Formula and Basic Information

Carbon dioxide is present in the Earth's atmosphere at low concentrations and acts as a greenhouse gas. Its chemical formula is CO ₂ . At high temperatures it can exist exclusively in the gaseous state. In its solid state it is called dry ice.

Carbon dioxide is an important component of the carbon cycle. It comes from a variety of natural sources, including volcanic degassing, the burning of organic matter and the respiratory processes of living aerobic organisms. Anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide are mainly associated with the burning of various fossil fuels for electricity and transport.

It is also produced by various microorganisms from fermentation and cellular respiration. Plants convert carbon dioxide to oxygen during a process called photosynthesis, using both carbon and oxygen to form carbohydrates. In addition, plants also release oxygen into the atmosphere, which is then used to breathe heterotrophic organisms.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body

Carbon monoxide 4 reacts with different substances and is a gaseous waste product from the metabolism. There is more than 90% of it in the blood in the form of bicarbonate (HCO ₃ ). The rest is either dissolved CO _2, or carbonic acid (H2CO ₃ ). For the balancing of these compounds in the blood, such organs as the liver and kidneys are responsible. Bicarbonate is a chemical that acts as a buffer. It keeps the pH level of the blood at the required level, avoiding an increase in acidity.

Structure and properties of carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is a chemical compound that is gas at room temperature and above. It consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Humans and animals emit carbon dioxide when exhaled. In addition, it is always formed when something organic is burned. Plants use carbon dioxide to produce food. This process is called photosynthesis.

The properties of carbon dioxide were studied by the Scottish scientist Joseph Black in the 1750s. It is a greenhouse gas that can capture heat energy and affect the climate and weather on our planet. It is he who causes global warming and an increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface.

Biological role

Carbon monoxide 4 reacts with different substances and is the final product in organisms that receive energy from the destruction of sugars, fats and amino acids. This process is known as cellular respiration, characteristic of all plants, animals, many fungi and some bacteria. In higher animals, carbon dioxide moves in the blood from the tissues of the body to the lungs, where it exhales. Plants receive it from the atmosphere for use in photosynthesis.

Dry ice

Dry ice or solid carbon dioxide is a solid state of CO ₂ gas at a temperature -78.5 ° C. In its natural form, this substance is not found in nature, but is produced by man. It is colorless and can be used for the preparation of carbonated beverages, as a cooling element in containers with ice cream and in cosmetology, for example, for freezing warts. Vapors of dry ice cause suffocation and can lead to death. Care should be taken when using dry ice and professionalism.

At ordinary pressure, it will not melt from the solid to the liquid, but instead passes directly from the solid to the gas. This is called sublimation. It will vary directly from solid to gas at any temperature exceeding extremely low temperatures. Dry ice is sublimated at normal air temperature. In this case, carbon dioxide is released, which has no odor and color. Carbon dioxide can be liquefied at a pressure above 5.1 atm. The gas that is released from the dry ice is so cold that when mixed with air it cools the water vapor in the air to a fog that looks like thick white smoke.

Preparation, chemical properties and reactions

In industry, carbon monoxide 4 is produced in two ways:

1. By burning fuel (C + O ₂ = CO ₂ ).
2. By thermal decomposition of limestone (CaCO ₃ = CaO + CO ₂ ).

The obtained volume of carbon monoxide 4 is purified, liquefied and pumped into special cylinders.

Being acidic, carbon monoxide 4 reacts with substances such as:

• Water. When dissolved, carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) is formed.
• Alkaline solutions. Carbon monoxide 4 (formula CO ₂ ) reacts with alkalis. At the same time, medium and acid salts (NaHCO ₃ ) are formed.
• Basic oxides. In these reactions, carbonate salts are formed (CaCO ₃ and Na ₂ CO ₃ ).
• Carbon. When carbon monoxide 4 reacts with hot carbon, carbon monoxide 2 (carbon monoxide) is formed, which can cause poisoning. (CO ₂ + C = ₂ CO).
• Magnesium. Typically, carbon dioxide does not support combustion, only at very high temperatures it can react with certain metals. For example, the lighted magnesium will continue to burn in CO ₂ During the oxidation-reduction reaction (2Mg + CO ₂ = 2MgO + C).

The qualitative reaction of carbon monoxide 4 is manifested by passing it through limestone water (Ca (OH) ₂ or through barite water (Ba (OH) ₂ ) _.We can observe turbidity and precipitation of sediment, if after that continue to pass on carbon dioxide, the water will again become transparent , Since insoluble carbonates are converted to soluble hydrocarbonates (acidic salts of carbonic acid).

Carbon dioxide is also formed by burning all carbon-containing fuels, such as methane (natural gas), petroleum distillates (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, propane), coal or wood. In most cases, water is also released.

Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, which are held together by covalent bonds (or electron fission). Pure carbon is very rare. It is found in nature only in the form of minerals, graphite and diamond. Despite this, it is a building block of life, which in combination with hydrogen and oxygen forms the main compounds, of which everything is composed on the planet.

Such hydrocarbons as coal, oil and natural gas are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon. This element is contained in calcite (CaCo ₃ ), minerals in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, limestone and marble. It is an element that contains all organic substances - from fossil fuels to DNA.