Why pressure increases: causes. Signs of high blood pressure

Doctors warn: the pressure should be monitored, if it often and on a lot of increases, it can be dangerous to health and even in some cases a threat to life. In this article, we'll talk about why pressure is rising. The reasons for this phenomenon may be different, but the consequence is one - a poor state of health, which worsens as the numbers on the tonometer grow.

However, for many years they live with high blood pressure and do not even guess at what sword of Damocles they walk. And all because doctors do not visit, and do not have a tonometer at home. The article will list the main signs of increased pressure - please pay special attention to this information! If you find yourself with these symptoms, this is already a good reason to visit the clinic for the sake of a control pressure measurement. Perhaps it's time to start taking medications that will rectify the situation.

What pressure is considered normal

Before we start to find out why pressure is rising, the causes and factors that influence this process, let's define what can be considered the norm. Many people, even if they have nothing to do with medicine, are ready to respond with a run that is normal Is the pressure 120 to 70. Is this correct? And yes, and no, strange as it may seem. The indicated values are the ideal pressure. Such figures are the standard for young and full strength of people, about twenty to thirty.

But if the 30-year age line has already been passed and the person is slightly overweight and moves little, then his pressure may well grow by a dozen units - 130 to 80. And this will also fit into normal performance. Those. On the hospital sheet with such figures, blood pressure should definitely not be counted. But if the patient at the age of thirty or more at a young age keeps the pressure at 140 to 90, then this is cause for concern. Such a symptom may indicate a tendency to hypertensive disease. But for people of the older age category - after 45 years - 140/90 too can be considered the norm. In the same case, if there are higher blood pressure indicators , this already requires medical examination and treatment.

Upper and lower pressure

People often ask why the lower pressure rises . There are two indicators of blood pressure: the upper pressure (systolic) - on it depends on how much the heart pushes blood into the arteries, and the lower one (diastolic) - it measures the blood pressure parameter at the time when the heart is maximally relaxed. The upper blood pressure affects the strength with which the heart pushes blood in the artery, the lower pressure is responsible for the vascular tone.

It often happens that at a time when the upper pressure remains almost normal or increases slightly, the lower blood pressure creeps up and the difference between the two indicators becomes quite small. This is not a good sign. Why does low blood pressure increase? There is no unambiguous answer to this question. The doctor in charge must understand each case. The cause can be found in a serious cardiovascular disease. If the lower BP constantly fluctuates in values from 90 to 99 mm Hg. St., This indicates the presence of 1 stage of hypertension; Indices from 100 to 109 mm Hg. Art. Testify to the 2 stages, and if the numbers go above 110 mm Hg. This means that hypertension has already developed to the third, most dangerous stage.

Why does pressure increase at night, in the evening or in the morning?

Hypertension is a very unpredictable disease, and it manifests itself differently in different people. There is a large group of people prone to increased blood pressure, in which the blood pressure is kept within the norm throughout the day and begins to rise closer to the evening hours. Why does pressure increase in the evening? During the day, fatigue accumulates in the body, reserves are depleted and, as a consequence, blood pressure indicators become higher.

In the day there are kind of boundaries or certain barriers, when people's health worsens. This usually happens after 4 pm, when the day begins to decline by night, and at night, when the night is nearing completion - at 4 am. According to statistics, it is at these specified time intervals that the number of emergency calls increases.

Why does blood pressure rise in the morning? Often this contributes to a preliminary plentiful supper, consisting of fatty and excessively high-calorie and salty foods or uncomfortable position of the body during sleep, and more often, both together. If during the day, even with a sedentary lifestyle, a person still moves, which stimulates blood circulation, then in a dream, blood circulation may deteriorate due to immobility, which leads to excessive stress on the vessels.

Signs of high blood pressure

Unfortunately, it happens that a person can not feel at all that his pressure has increased. That's why among doctors, hypertension is usually called a "silent killer." If you do not take timely measures and do not lower the pressure, it can lead to a stroke or a heart attack. But in most people, organisms are more sensitive, and they can determine by their state of health that pressure tends to rise. Here are a number of symptoms characteristic of this condition:

• Dizziness.
• Pressing or pulsating headaches.
• Darkening in the eyes (with a sharp jump in blood pressure).
• Interruptions in the heart rhythm.
• Sometimes - increased sweating, a feeling of heat.
• In severe cases - shortness of breath, edema formation.

If you are alarmed by one of the above, then perhaps for special concern there is no reason. But if you have a whole bunch of symptoms, then it's better not to joke about your own health and get a preventive checkup or buy a tonometer and measure the pressure yourself.

Why pressure increases - causes

This is a very difficult question, because the reason may be not one, but a whole complex. Trying to understand independently what led to increased pressure is not worth it. Consultation with a doctor is mandatory here. In our article, we can give only a few generalized reasons. These include:

• There are problems with the heart.
• Violations in the work of the kidneys.
• Poor vascular tone.
• Failure in health at the hormonal level.
• Acceptance of certain medications (eg, hormonal).
• Inflammation and trauma.

For each listed item, you can write a separate doctoral thesis - "Why does blood pressure rise?". Within the framework of this article, we only talk about the most common factors that directly affect the performance of the cardiovascular system.

Stress

Let's look at what it is - stress. It is a person's reaction, arising in response to emotional irritation, both positive and negative. At this point, the body produces adrenaline - a stress hormone. Due to its action, the heart begins to contract more rapidly and rapidly, with a simultaneous narrowing of the vessels, which helps to increase the pressure. If an emergency occurs, the stress hormone can help a person to activate internal reserves and solve the problem. This works well when a person is in intensive movement, for example, runs away from danger, etc. In this case, excess adrenaline is simply burned in working muscles and does not do any harm to the body.

Modern people often experience stressful situations, being at rest (at work, at home, at exams). Why does blood pressure increase if a person is very nervous? In the body, the following chain of processes is triggered: the stress hormone is released in abundance - the heart is working more intensely - the vessels narrow, and muscle discharge does not occur. All this leads to the fact that the work of the cardiovascular system is disrupted, and the person gradually develops hypertension.

Alcohol abuse

Do you remember how in the movie "The Diamond Arm" the captain suggests Semen Semenovich Gorbunkov to drink some cognac in order to get rid of unnecessary excitement? At the same time he says: "Doctors recommend!" But it's true, a small amount of cognac (30-70 g per day) contributes to a mild vasodilation and has an antispasmodic effect. Due to all of the above, the pressure goes down.

But if this rule is exceeded, then the effect of cognac will be the opposite. This happens because if a large dose of alcohol enters the blood, then the narrowing of the vessels quickly replaces the expansion of the vessels. The cardiovascular system begins to experience an overload - hence the increase in blood pressure. Is it worth wondering why the blood pressure rises sharply? And do not think that all of the above applies only to cognac. If the drink you are drinking contains alcohol, and you are sorting out with the amount of drink, then this is definitely not useful.

Doctors of ambulance know how dramatically increasing the number of calls after the festive festivities with abundant libations. For many citizens, the morning after the holiday begins with a severe headache (hangover syndrome). This state indicates a spasm of cerebral vessels, and it is good if the body has enough reserves of its own to fight it. Drinking people should not be puzzled as to why pressure rises in the morning, they need to be prepared for such unpleasant surprises. Sometimes a sudden jump in blood pressure (hypertensive crisis) can occur, which can result in a severe heart attack or stroke.

Smoking

A harmful habit to smoking, many people acquire in very young years, when the health and strength is in abundance and somehow it is not believed that cigarettes can subsequently bring serious problems into life. Nicotine, as well as alcohol, causes vasoconstriction. And by analogy with alcohol, after smoking a cigarette, there may be a short-term improvement in well-being (the vessels widen for a short time, there is a headache, etc.). This is due to the powerful release into the blood of endorphins and some other substances. Next comes the second phase, when the vessels narrow and spasmodic. Why does the pressure rise sharply in this case? Yes, because the work of the cardiovascular system is disrupted.

One cigarette can not cause any serious harm to health, but with each cigarette smoked the smoker is approaching the development of the disease - hypertension, when the blood pressure stably keeps at high values. Not only nicotine, but also other components of cigarettes have negative effects on the walls of blood vessels, on their structure and structure.

Overweight

Of course, not only fat people suffer from increased blood pressure, but people of different weight categories. And yet those who suffer from excess weight more often than others can observe increased pressure. Physicians have long recognized the fact that there is a close connection between arterial hypertension and obesity. Most often, hypertension occurs in persons with obesity of the central type, which is accompanied by the following symptoms: dyslipidemia, impaired tolerance to glucose, insulin resistance.

Excess weight is placed an additional burden on the cardiovascular system, and this leads to the development of various diseases.

Recently, German scientists conducted studies that monitored how fat cells (adipocytes) affect the cellular structures of the adrenal cortex responsible for the production of the aldosterone hormone. It is known that this hormone is a regulator of the exchange of minerals in the body (mainly water, potassium and sodium) and due to this it is able to influence the increase in blood pressure.

So, the researchers had the opportunity to see what is called, firsthand, how in the presence of fat cells and the fatty acids they secreted, triglycerides, leptin, etc. in the adrenal cortex, the production of aldosterone increased 7-fold. Now, scientists are going to find out which particular fat cells are directly responsible for the release of aldosterone.

Which products contribute to increased pressure

People who have high blood pressure should reconsider their diet. There are products that are very unfavorable for this category of persons. These include, first of all, different salinity and drinks containing caffeine.

The doctors say about the harmful use of salt excessively, but after all you want to eat delicious ... But meanwhile, when there is a lot of salt in the body, it causes a great thirst and, as a result, consumption of large volumes of water that is not excreted from the body - sodium chloride Salt) delays it there. The body develops swelling, the blood volume increases, the load on the cardiovascular system increases enormously and the pressure increases. People caring about their own health should limit or even completely remove from their table all of the following:

• Sauerkraut (you can eat it, only after washing it).
• Salted fish, including smoked.
• Marinated and salted mushrooms.
• Salted cucumbers and tomatoes.
• Olives and olives.
• Different canned food.
• Fat.

Coffee and tea are the favorite drinks of modern people. They perfectly tone up the body, but at the same time, unfortunately, contribute to increased blood pressure. And all because of the substance caffeine, which they enter. And few know that in green tea, which is often advertised as a product for health, caffeine is already four times more than in black tea. Caffeine is also a part of cocoa beans. So both cocoa and chocolate can also adversely affect the pressure.

How to measure pressure

Blood pressure can be measured at home. Before going to the doctor and asking about why pressure increases at night or in the morning, it's good to measure your pressure for several days, at different times of the day. For this you need to have a special manometer. Today in the pharmacy you can freely purchase both mechanical and mercury, and automatic devices for measuring pressure. The latter are most convenient, since they do not require any special skills. To obtain more accurate figures, it is recommended that the following rules be observed:

• Half an hour before the measurement of pressure, you must refrain from taking medications, food, strong tea or coffee, from smoking.
• The hand on which the cuff is fixed should be approximately at the level of the heart.
• The first measurement of blood pressure should be performed alternately on the left and right hands. If a difference in indications is found equal to 10 mm Hg. Art. Or exceeding this figure, then a second measurement should be carried out on the arm where the pressure is greater.
• The cuff is fixed above the elbow bend by 2 cm, the pressure build-up should be made evenly.

To each apparatus for the measurement of blood pressure, a detailed instruction is applied, in which step by step it is told how to apply it.

Prevention

Having analyzed the topic of why the pressure in a person is increasing, we can not help but talk about prevention. Preventive measures are very simple and are a general set of rules for people who care about their health.

1. We must resolutely reject such harmful habits as smoking and abuse of alcohol-containing drinks.

2. Watch your weight.

3. Try to control the amount of salt eaten.

4. To engage in physical education.

5. Try to avoid stress situations whenever possible.

Conclusion

We tried to consider in detail why pressure is increasing. The causes of the development of hypertension, as you could see, often depend on the people's wrong behavior, their reluctance to listen to advice and warnings from doctors. Be attentive to yourself. We wish you good health!