Where in Russia do they extract salt? Extraction of salt in Russia

Salt - this is not the basis of life, but it has long been an important part of life. Once it was even used as money. A person can do without salt if his diet includes various meat products. But society still perseveringly makes a cult out of it. Psychoanalyst E. Jones even wrote about this essay, calling the obsession with this substance sexual. Places where salt is mined in Russia, and today do not experience problems with overproduction. And this is even despite the fact that since the end of the 20th century NaCl has turned from friend to enemy, and the basis of healthy nutrition has been a refusal or at least a restriction of its consumption.

History of salt production in Russia

The development of sodium chloride deposits began in the Iletskaya Defense. The salt dome could go 1000 meters deep. In the Russian geographical composition, dating back to 1672, the deposit on the Ilek River is mentioned. More accurate information about this deposit is contained in the notes of Academician Pallas, who visited him in 1796. Initially, salt was mined directly from the surface or dig small pits. At the end of the 19th century, special trenches began to be made, but wastewater.

Therefore, in 1889, the mine for the extraction of salt was pioneered in the Iletskaya Defense. Initially convict convicts worked here, who broke out huge blocks with axes in the light of kerosene lamps. Salt to the lifting stand was delivered with the help of horses grown under the ground. In 1906, the first case of flooding of the mine occurred, because of the chains, most of the convicts failed to escape.

Types of salt

In Russia, the old traditions of NaCl production, since the reserves of this substance are the largest in the world. If you look at cities where salt is mined in Russia, you can pay attention to the fact that there are four main types of salt: rock, boil, sap and self-plant. A special GOST R 51574-2000 has even been developed for this product. Rock salt is mined by mining or mining, it contains a high percentage of sodium chloride. It has a minimal amount of impurities and moisture. Evaporation is prepared by evaporation of the land from the places where salt is mined in Russia. Sadchnaja it is made by the similar method, only processing the water from the sea or lake is exposed. The process usually takes place in specially equipped pools. The self-planting salt directly settles on the bottom of certain lakes in a natural way. The place where salt is mined in Russia, this method is about. The Baskunchak.

Cost and grade

From how salt is extracted, its quality largely depends. The higher its grade, the better it was processed and grinded. Many people tend to buy the most white salt, which is often more expensive. In fact, this is fundamentally wrong. The coarse salt contains more impurities. In the opinion of nutritionists, they have a positive effect on the digestive system, weakening the negative effects from the sodium chloride itself. Depending on the size of most crystals, five types of salt are distinguished: extra, No. 0 (0.8 mm), No. 1 (1.2 mm), No. 2 (2.5 mm), No. 3 (4 mm). To prevent various diseases, potassium, magnesium and iodine can be added to it. Presence of food additives and their concentration are necessarily regulated on the package.

NaCL + K

The main deposit, where potash salts are mined in Russia , is in the Perm region. Here the extraction is easy and cheap. The ores of the Verkhnekamsk deposit contain about 18% K ₂ O. About 15% of the world's reserves are located here. Not yet fully developed is the East Siberian potassium basin. Experts believe that its deposits are huge (60% of all Russian). Also, salt production in Russia is carried out in the Carpathian Basin. It is believed that the extracted from the Elton and Gremyachinskoe deposits is the highest quality.

How salt is extracted today

At present NaCl is mined mainly by mining method. Underground everything is illuminated by electricity. In the light of the searchlights, the crystals look unusually beautiful. Most of the processes are performed not by people, but by machines. The extracted blocks are immersed on a conveyor belt, ground in special mechanical mills, and then delivered to freight cars on the surface. The Iletskoye field still produces salt in Russia, annually producing about 1.25 tons of products.

The uniqueness of Lake Baskunchak

But the extraction of salt in modern Russia is not only a mine method. For many centuries, a self-contained mineral is collected on Lake Baskunchak. The local atmosphere fascinates many artists, and filmmakers do not get tired of making films in these places. The lake is on the top of the salt mountain, the layers of minerals go thousands of meters into the depths. To get it started in the VIII century, sending the product along the Great Silk Road. Since then, almost nothing has changed, only the volume of production has grown to several million tons per year. But Lake Baskunchak is not only an industrial area, but since 1997 the reserve has an area of 53.7 hectares.

Benefits and harm to health

Salt - this is an important element, without which there is not one counter of the grocery store. Therefore, now it is difficult to believe that before it was available only to the upper class. Salt is a part of lymph and blood, but because of its excess, a huge number of diseases can develop: osteoporosis, joint problems, calcium exchange disorders, increased blood pressure, nephritis and many others.

Normally, a person should receive 5-8 grams per day, but you need to keep in mind that it is also found in meat, fish and other foods. "Saltless" diet is also useful for those wishing to lose weight, because this mineral helps to retain fluid in the body. But it is better not to conduct such experiments in the summer, because at this time of the year a significant amount of water is lost, and with it microelements, which can lead to weakness and rapid fatigue. Thus, salt is not the basis of life or the necessary object of worship, but an important element of the exchange process. And a healthy lifestyle is not a refusal to eat anything, but a balanced diet that includes all the necessary substances.